From Old Georgian შტო (šṭo). Possibly borrowed from Old Armenian ոստ-ո- (ost-o-),[1][2][3][4] specifically perhaps from an unattested northern dialectal form *ոշտ (*ošt): compare Old Armenian անոշտ (anošt) beside անոստ (anost).[5]
შტო • (šṭo) (plural შტოები)
- branch, bough
Postpositional inflection of შტო (see Georgian postpositions)
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postpositions taking a dative case
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singular
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plural
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-ზე (-ze, “on”)
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შტოზე (šṭoze)
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შტოებზე (šṭoebze)
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-თან (-tan, “near”)
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შტოსთან (šṭostan)
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შტოებთან (šṭoebtan)
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-ში (-ši, “in”)
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შტოში (šṭoši)
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შტოებში (šṭoebši)
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-ვით (-vit, “like”)
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შტოსავით (šṭosavit)
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შტოებივით (šṭoebivit)
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postpositions taking a genitive case
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singular
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plural
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-თვის (-tvis, “for”)
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შტოსთვის (šṭostvis)
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შტოებისთვის (šṭoebistvis)
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-ებრ (-ebr, “like”)
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შტოსებრ (šṭosebr)
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შტოებისებრ (šṭoebisebr)
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-კენ (-ḳen, “towards”)
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შტოსკენ (šṭosḳen)
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შტოებისკენ (šṭoebisḳen)
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-გან (-gan, “from/of”)
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შტოსგან (šṭosgan)
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შტოებისგან (šṭoebisgan)
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postpositions taking an instrumental case
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singular
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plural
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-დან (-dan, “from/since”)
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შტოდან (šṭodan)
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შტოებიდან (šṭoebidan)
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-ურთ (-urt, “together with”)
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შტოთურთ (šṭoturt)
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შტოებითურთ (šṭoebiturt)
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postpositions taking an adverbial case
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singular
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plural
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-მდე (-mde, “up to”)
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შტომდე (šṭomde)
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შტოებამდე (šṭoebamde)
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- ^ Brosset, M. (1834) “Aperçu général de la langue géorgienne”, in Journal asiatique (in French), volume 14, page 386 of 369–405
- ^ Čubinov, David (1840) “შტო”, in Грузинско-русско-французский словарь [Georgian–Russian–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 589a
- ^ Kluge, Theodor (1913) “Die Indo-Germanischen Lehnwörter im Georgischen”, in Revue de linguistique et de philologie comparée[1] (in German), volume 46, Paris, page 262
- ^ Vogt, Hans (1988) Linguistique caucasienne et arménienne (Studia Caucasologica; II)[2] (in French), Oslo: Norwegian University Press, page 126
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ոստ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 569a
- Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “შტო”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)][3] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 507
- Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate[4], PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 83