ἐπιγράφω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπι- (epi-) +‎ γράφω (gráphō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.pi.ɡrá.pʰɔː/ → /e.piˈɣra.ɸo/ → /e.piˈɣra.fo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ɡrá.pʰɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.piˈɡra.pʰo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.piˈɣra.ɸo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.piˈɣra.fo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.piˈɣra.fo/

Verb

ἐπιγράφω • (epigráphō)

1. to mark the surface of, barely pierce, graze
2. to mark, put a mark on
3. to write upon, inscribe
4. (law) to set down the penalty or damages in the title of an indictment
5. (middle voice) to have one's name registered
6. (middle voice) to assume a name

Conjugation

   Present: ἐπιγρᾰ́φω, ἐπιγρᾰ́φομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιγρᾰ́φω	ἐπιγρᾰ́φεις	ἐπιγρᾰ́φει	ἐπιγρᾰ́φετον	ἐπιγρᾰ́φετον	ἐπιγρᾰ́φομεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́φετε	ἐπιγρᾰ́φουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπιγρᾰ́φω	ἐπιγρᾰ́φῃς	ἐπιγρᾰ́φῃ	ἐπιγρᾰ́φητον	ἐπιγρᾰ́φητον	ἐπιγρᾰ́φωμεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́φητε	ἐπιγρᾰ́φωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιμῐ	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοις	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοι	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιτον	ἐπιγρᾰφοίτην	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιμεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιτε	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιεν
	imperative		ἐπίγρᾰφε	ἐπιγρᾰφέτω	ἐπιγρᾰ́φετον	ἐπιγρᾰφέτων		ἐπιγρᾰ́φετε	ἐπιγρᾰφόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπιγρᾰ́φομαι	ἐπιγρᾰ́φῃ, ἐπιγρᾰ́φει	ἐπιγρᾰ́φεται	ἐπιγρᾰ́φεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰ́φεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰφόμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́φεσθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́φονται
	subjunctive	ἐπιγρᾰ́φωμαι	ἐπιγρᾰ́φῃ	ἐπιγρᾰ́φηται	ἐπιγρᾰ́φησθον	ἐπιγρᾰ́φησθον	ἐπιγρᾰφώμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́φησθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́φωνται
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰφοίμην	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιο	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιτο	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοισθον	ἐπιγρᾰφοίσθην	ἐπιγρᾰφοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοισθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́φοιντο
	imperative		ἐπιγρᾰ́φου	ἐπιγρᾰφέσθω	ἐπιγρᾰ́φεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰφέσθων		ἐπιγρᾰ́φεσθε	ἐπιγρᾰφέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπιγρᾰ́φειν				ἐπιγρᾰ́φεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπιγρᾰ́φων				ἐπιγρᾰφόμενος
	f	ἐπιγρᾰ́φουσᾰ				ἐπιγρᾰφομένη
	n	ἐπιγρᾰ́φον				ἐπιγρᾰφόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐπέγρᾰφον, ἐπεγρᾰφόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπέγρᾰφον	ἐπέγρᾰφες	ἐπέγρᾰφε(ν)	ἐπεγρᾰ́φετον	ἐπεγρᾰφέτην	ἐπεγρᾰ́φομεν	ἐπεγρᾰ́φετε	ἐπέγρᾰφον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεγρᾰφόμην	ἐπεγρᾰ́φου	ἐπεγρᾰ́φετο	ἐπεγρᾰ́φεσθον	ἐπεγρᾰφέσθην	ἐπεγρᾰφόμεθᾰ	ἐπεγρᾰ́φεσθε	ἐπεγρᾰ́φοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐπιγρᾰ́ψω, ἐπιγρᾰ́ψομαι, ἐπιγρᾰφήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψω	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψεις	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψει	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψετον	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψετον	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψομεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψετε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιμῐ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοις	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοι	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιτον	ἐπιγρᾰψοίτην	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιμεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιτε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψομαι	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψῃ, ἐπιγρᾰ́ψει	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψεται	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰψόμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψεσθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψονται
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰψοίμην	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιο	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιτο	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοισθον	ἐπιγρᾰψοίσθην	ἐπιγρᾰψοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοισθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψοιντο
passive	indicative	ἐπιγρᾰφήσομαι	ἐπιγρᾰφήσῃ	ἐπιγρᾰφήσεται	ἐπιγρᾰφήσεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰφήσεσθον	ἐπιγρᾰφησόμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰφήσεσθε	ἐπιγρᾰφήσονται
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰφησοίμην	ἐπιγρᾰφήσοιο	ἐπιγρᾰφήσοιτο	ἐπιγρᾰφήσοισθον	ἐπιγρᾰφησοίσθην	ἐπιγρᾰφησοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰφήσοισθε	ἐπιγρᾰφήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐπιγρᾰ́ψειν			ἐπιγρᾰ́ψεσθαι		ἐπιγρᾰφήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψων			ἐπιγρᾰψόμενος		ἐπιγρᾰφησόμενος
	f	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψουσᾰ			ἐπιγρᾰψομένη		ἐπιγρᾰφησομένη
	n	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψον			ἐπιγρᾰψόμενον		ἐπιγρᾰφησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐπέγρᾰψᾰ, ἐπεγρᾰψᾰ́μην, ἐπεγρᾰ́φην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπέγρᾰψᾰ	ἐπέγρᾰψᾰς	ἐπέγρᾰψε(ν)	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰτον	ἐπεγρᾰψᾰ́την	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰμεν	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰτε	ἐπέγρᾰψᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψω	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψῃς	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψῃ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψητον	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψητον	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψωμεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψητε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιμῐ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψειᾰς, ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαις	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψειε(ν), ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαι	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιτον	ἐπιγρᾰψαίτην	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιμεν	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιτε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψειᾰν, ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιεν
	imperative		ἐπίγρᾰψον	ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́τω	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾰτον	ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́των		ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾰτε	ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐπεγρᾰψᾰ́μην	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψω	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰτο	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰσθον	ἐπεγρᾰψᾰ́σθην	ἐπεγρᾰψᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰσθε	ἐπεγρᾰ́ψᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψωμαι	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψῃ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψηται	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψησθον	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψησθον	ἐπιγρᾰψώμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψησθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψωνται
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰψαίμην	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιο	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιτο	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαισθον	ἐπιγρᾰψαίσθην	ἐπιγρᾰψαίμεθᾰ	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαισθε	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαιντο
	imperative		ἐπίγρᾰψαι	ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́σθω	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾰσθον	ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́σθων		ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾰσθε	ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐπεγρᾰ́φην	ἐπεγρᾰ́φης	ἐπεγρᾰ́φη	ἐπεγρᾰ́φητον	ἐπεγρᾰφήτην	ἐπεγρᾰ́φημεν	ἐπεγρᾰ́φητε	ἐπεγρᾰ́φησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπιγρᾰφῶ	ἐπιγρᾰφῇς	ἐπιγρᾰφῇ	ἐπιγρᾰφῆτον	ἐπιγρᾰφῆτον	ἐπιγρᾰφῶμεν	ἐπιγρᾰφῆτε	ἐπιγρᾰφῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγρᾰφείην	ἐπιγρᾰφείης	ἐπιγρᾰφείη	ἐπιγρᾰφεῖτον, ἐπιγρᾰφείητον	ἐπιγρᾰφείτην, ἐπιγρᾰφειήτην	ἐπιγρᾰφεῖμεν, ἐπιγρᾰφείημεν	ἐπιγρᾰφεῖτε, ἐπιγρᾰφείητε	ἐπιγρᾰφεῖεν, ἐπιγρᾰφείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐπιγρᾰ́φηθῐ	ἐπιγρᾰφήτω	ἐπιγρᾰ́φητον	ἐπιγρᾰφήτων		ἐπιγρᾰ́φητε	ἐπιγρᾰφέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐπιγρᾰ́ψαι			ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾰσθαι		ἐπιγρᾰφῆναι
participle	m	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾱς			ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́μενος		ἐπιγρᾰφείς
	f	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾱσᾰ			ἐπιγρᾰψᾰμένη		ἐπιγρᾰφεῖσᾰ
	n	ἐπιγρᾰ́ψᾰν			ἐπιγρᾰψᾰ́μενον		ἐπιγρᾰφέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐπιγέγρᾰφᾰ, ἐπιγέγρᾰμμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιγέγρᾰφᾰ	ἐπιγέγρᾰφᾰς	ἐπιγέγρᾰφε(ν)	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φᾰτον	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φᾰτον	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φᾰμεν	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φᾰτε	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φω	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φῃς	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φῃ	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φητον	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φητον	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φωμεν	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φητε	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοιμῐ, ἐπιγεγρᾰφοίην	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοις, ἐπιγεγρᾰφοίης	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοι, ἐπιγεγρᾰφοίη	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοιτον	ἐπιγεγρᾰφοίτην	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοιμεν	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοιτε	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φοιεν
	imperative		ἐπιγέγρᾰφε	ἐπιγεγρᾰφέτω	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φετον	ἐπιγεγρᾰφέτων		ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φετε	ἐπιγεγρᾰφόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπιγέγρᾰμμαι	ἐπιγέγρᾰψαι	ἐπιγέγρᾰπται	ἐπιγέγρᾰφθον	ἐπιγέγρᾰφθον	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́μμεθᾰ	ἐπιγέγρᾰφθε	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φᾰται
	subjunctive	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος ὦ	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος ᾖς	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος ᾖ	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένω ἦτον	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένω ἦτον	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένοι ὦμεν	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένοι ἦτε	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος εἴην	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος εἴης	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος εἴη	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἐπιγέγρᾰψο	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φθω	ἐπιγέγρᾰφθον	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φθων		ἐπιγέγρᾰφθε	ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπιγεγρᾰφέναι				ἐπιγεγρᾰ́φθαι
participle	m	ἐπιγεγρᾰφώς				ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένος
	f	ἐπιγεγρᾰφυῖᾰ				ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένη
	n	ἐπιγεγρᾰφός				ἐπιγεγρᾰμμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φειν, ἐπεγεγρᾰ́μμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φειν, ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φη	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φεις, ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φης	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φει(ν)	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φετον	ἐπεγεγρᾰφέτην	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φεμεν	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φετε	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́μμην	ἐπεγέγρᾰψο	ἐπεγέγρᾰπτο	ἐπεγέγρᾰφθον	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φθην	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́μμεθᾰ	ἐπεγέγρᾰφθε	ἐπεγεγρᾰ́φᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐπιγραφή (epigraphḗ)
• ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma)

Descendants

• Greek: επιγράφω (epigráfo)
• → Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarmēljan) (calque)

Further reading

• “ἐπιγράφω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐπιγράφω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐπιγράφω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἐπιγράφω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• ἐπιγράφω - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.
• “ἐπιγράφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G1924 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • inscribe idem, page 443.
  • register idem, page 687.
  • superscribe idem, page 839.
  • write idem, page 993.