ὄργανον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“work”). Compare ἔργον (érgon, “work, deed”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ór.ɡa.non/ → /ˈor.ɣa.non/ → /ˈor.ɣa.non/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ór.ɡa.non/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈor.ɡa.non/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈor.ɣa.non/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈor.ɣa.non/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈor.ɣa.non/

Noun

ὄργᾰνον • (órganon) n (genitive ὀργᾰ́νου); second declension

1. instrument, implement, tool
2. sense organ
3. musical instrument
4. the material of a work (e.g. timber)
5. the product of a work (e.g. lumber)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ ὄργᾰνον; τοῦ ὀργᾰ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὄργᾰνον tò órganon	τὼ ὀργᾰ́νω tṑ orgánō	τᾰ̀ ὄργᾰνᾰ tà órgana
Genitive	τοῦ ὀργᾰ́νου toû orgánou	τοῖν ὀργᾰ́νοιν toîn orgánoin	τῶν ὀργᾰ́νων tôn orgánōn
Dative	τῷ ὀργᾰ́νῳ tôi orgánōi	τοῖν ὀργᾰ́νοιν toîn orgánoin	τοῖς ὀργᾰ́νοις toîs orgánois
Accusative	τὸ ὄργᾰνον tò órganon	τὼ ὀργᾰ́νω tṑ orgánō	τᾰ̀ ὄργᾰνᾰ tà órgana
Vocative	ὄργᾰνον órganon	ὀργᾰ́νω orgánō	ὄργᾰνᾰ órgana
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Aramaic:
  • Hebrew: אורגנון (ʾōrganōn)
  • Syriac: ܐܘܪܓܢܘܢ (ʾōrgannōn)
• → Georgian: ორგანო (organo)
• Greek: όργανο (órgano)
• → Latin: organum (see there for further descendants)
  • → English: organum, organ, orgue
• → Old Armenian: երգիոն (ergion)
  • Armenian: երգեհոն (ergehon)
• → Persian: ارغنون (arğanun)
• → Polish: organy
• → Ottoman Turkish: ارغنون (erganun)
  • Turkish: erganun
• → Russian: о́рган m (órgan), орга́н m (orgán)
  • Mariupol Greek: орга́но (orháno)

Further reading

• “ὄργανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄργανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὄργανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “ὄργανον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• ὄργανον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • appliance idem, page 35.
  • implement idem, page 421.
  • instrument idem, page 447.
  • machine idem, page 506.
  • musical instrument idem, page 547.
  • organ idem, page 579.
  • product idem, page 645.
  • tool idem, page 880.
  • utensil idem, page 941.
  • vehicle idem, page 946.
  • work idem, page 988.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN