いびる
Japanese edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Old Japanese.[1] Cognate with 燻る (iburu, “to smoke, to smolder”, intransitive), and 炙る, 焙る (aburu, “to roast over a flame; to warm or dry over a flame”, transitive).
Originally had these meanings, which persist as less-used senses. This evolved over time to mean to tease, to torment, to give someone a hard time. Compare use of English roast in the senses of to admonish severely or to criticize severely.
For unknown reasons, this verb is never spelled with kanji.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
いびる • (ibiru) transitive godan (stem いびり (ibiri), past いびった (ibitta))
- to tease, to torment
- to pester, to nag, to wheedle someone into doing something
- to slow-roast something
- to boil something
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "いびる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | いびら | ibira | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | いびり | ibiri | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | いびる | ibiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | いびる | ibiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | いびれ | ibire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | いびれ | ibire | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | いびられる | ibirareru | |
Causative | いびらせる いびらす |
ibiraseru ibirasu | |
Potential | いびれる | ibireru | |
Volitional | いびろう | ibirō | |
Negative | いびらない | ibiranai | |
Negative continuative | いびらず | ibirazu | |
Formal | いびります | ibirimasu | |
Perfective | いびった | ibitta | |
Conjunctive | いびって | ibitte | |
Hypothetical conditional | いびれば | ibireba |
Synonyms edit
- (torment): 苛める (ijimeru); 苛む (sainamu)
- (pester): 強請る (nedaru)
- (roast): 炙る (aburu), 焙る (aburu); 焼く (yaku)
- (boil): 茹でる (yuderu)
References edit
- ^ 2003, ベネッセ古語辞典 (Benesse Dictionary of Archaic Words) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Benesse, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN