焼く

Japanese edit

Alternative spelling
燒く (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.^[1]^[2]^[3] From Proto-Japonic *yaku.

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	焼く	やく	`[yàkú]`
Imperative (命令形)	焼け	やけ	`[yàké]`
Key constructions
Passive	焼かれる	やかれる	`[yàkárérú]`
Causative	焼かせる	やかせる	`[yàkásérú]`
Potential	焼ける	やける	`[yàkérú]`
Volitional	焼こう	やこー	`[yàkóꜜò]`
Negative	焼かない	やかない	`[yàkánáí]`
Negative perfective	焼かなかった	やかなかった	`[yàkánáꜜkàttà]`
Formal	焼きます	やきます	`[yàkímáꜜsù]`
Perfective	焼いた	やいた	`[yàítá]`
Conjunctive	焼いて	やいて	`[yàíté]`
Hypothetical conditional	焼けば	やけば	`[yàkéꜜbà]`

焼(や)く • (yaku) transitive godan (stem 焼(や)き (yaki), past 焼(や)いた (yaita))

Japanese verb pair
active	焼く
mediopassive	焼ける

to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:
1. to burn
  1. [from 712] to set on fire, to light on fire
  2. [from 720] to burn to ashes
2. to burn (to write data to a permanent storage medium)
3. [from 720] to use heat or flame to prepare something for eating or using:
  1. (cooking) to grill
  2. (cooking) to broil
  3. (cooking) to fry
  4. (cooking) to toast
  5. (cooking) to roast
  6. (cooking) to bake
  7. (pottery) to fire
4. [from 850] to apply moxibustion
5. [from 1966] to expose to sunlight and cause to change color: to tan one's skin
6. [from 1908] (photography) to print a photograph by shining a light through a negative
7. [from 1884] to rub chemicals
8. [from 1960] to have a sensation, to burn (the heart)
(figuratively) to convey feelings from the heart:
1. [from 759] to worry
2. to care
3. [from 1687] 妬く: to envy, to be jealous
4. [from 1662] to make someone happy

Conjugation of "焼く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Classical conjugation of "焼く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	焼か	やか	yaka
Continuative (連用形)	焼き	やき	yaki
Terminal (終止形)	焼く	やく	yaku
Attributive (連体形)	焼く	やく	yaku
Realis (已然形)	焼け	やけ	yake
Imperative (命令形)	焼け	やけ	yake
Key constructions
Negative	焼かず	やかず	yakazu
Contrasting conjunction	焼けど	やけど	yakedo
Causal conjunction	焼けば	やけば	yakeba
Conditional conjunction	焼かば	やかば	yakaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	焼きき	やきき	yakiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	焼きけり	やきけり	yakikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	焼きつ	やきつ	yakitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	焼きぬ	やきぬ	yakinu
Perfect-continuative tense	焼けり焼きたり	やけりやきたり	yakeri yakitari
Volitional	焼かむ	やかむ	yakamu

Derived terms

焼(や)く • (yaku) intransitive ^†nidan

(obsolete) to change on its own by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means: to burn, to tan, to be cooked

The intransitive use of yaku is now obsolete, and has been superseded by the modern form 焼ける (yakeru).

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	焼け	やけ	yake
Continuative (連用形)	焼け	やけ	yake
Terminal (終止形)	焼く	やく	yaku
Attributive (連体形)	焼くる	やくる	yakuru
Realis (已然形)	焼くれ	やくれ	yakure
Imperative (命令形)	焼けよ	やけよ	yakeyo
Key constructions
Negative	焼けず	やけず	yakezu
Contrasting conjunction	焼くれど	やくれど	yakuredo
Causal conjunction	焼くれば	やくれば	yakureba
Conditional conjunction	焼けば	やけば	yakeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	焼けき	やけき	yakeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	焼けけり	やけけり	yakekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	焼けつ	やけつ	yaketu
Perfect tense (natural event)	焼けぬ	やけぬ	yakenu
Perfect-continuative tense	焼けたり	やけたり	yaketari
Volitional	焼けむ	やけむ	yakemu

^ “焼”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^
711–712, Kojiki, Expression error: Unrecognized word "poem".:
, text here
^
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3652:
, text here
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN