ぴかぴか
Japanese edit
Etymology edit
/fikafika/ → /pikapika/
First attested as ひかひか (fikafika) in the 1595 Dictionarivm Latino Lvsitanicvm, ac Iaponicvm (“Dictionary from Latin into Portuguese, and Japanese”).[1]
Reduplication of the ひか (hika-) root of Old Japanese-derived verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to gleam”), which root is from Proto-Japonic *pika. See also *pikaru.
As part of the Late Middle Japanese reintroduction of /p/ as a phoneme, particularly among mimetic words and in some Sino-Japanese compounds, this word regained its original /p/ sound that had by then shifted to /ɸ/.
Pronunciation 1 edit
- (Tokyo) ぴかぴか [pìkáꜜpìkà] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
- (Tokyo) ぴかぴか [píꜜkàpìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [pʲika̠pʲika̠]
Adverb edit
Usage notes edit
Generally used without a particle:
- ぴかぴか光る宝石 ― pikapika hikaru hōseki ― a sparklingly shining jewel
Sometimes encountered with the adverbial particle と (to):
- ぴかぴかと光る宝石 ― pikapika to hikaru hōseki ― a sparklingly shining jewel
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- →⇒ Korean: 삐까삐까 (ppikkappikka, “equally matched, nip and tuck”)
See also edit
Pronunciation 2 edit
Adjective edit
ぴかぴか or ピカピカ • (pikapika) -na (adnominal ぴかぴかな (pikapika na na), adverbial ぴかぴかに (pikapika ni ni))
- shiny, glossy
- ぴかぴかなグラス ― pikapika na gurasu ― a shiny drinking glass
- ピカピカの一年生 ― pikapika no ichinensei ― a shiny, fresh first-year student
Inflection edit
Inflection of ぴかぴか
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | ぴかぴかだろ | pikapika daro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | ぴかぴかで | pikapika de | |
| Terminal (終止形) | ぴかぴかだ | pikapika da | |
| Attributive (連体形) | ぴかぴかな | pikapika na | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | ぴかぴかなら | pikapika nara | |
| Imperative (命令形) | ぴかぴかであれ | pikapika de are | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | ぴかぴかではない ぴかぴかじゃない |
pikapika de wa nai pikapika ja nai | |
| Informal past | ぴかぴかだった | pikapika datta | |
| Informal negative past | ぴかぴかではなかった ぴかぴかじゃなかった |
pikapika de wa nakatta pikapika ja nakatta | |
| Formal | ぴかぴかです | pikapika desu | |
| Formal negative | ぴかぴかではありません ぴかぴかじゃありません |
pikapika de wa arimasen pikapika ja arimasen | |
| Formal past | ぴかぴかでした | pikapika deshita | |
| Formal negative past | ぴかぴかではありませんでした ぴかぴかじゃありませんでした |
pikapika de wa arimasen deshita pikapika ja arimasen deshita | |
| Conjunctive | ぴかぴかで | pikapika de | |
| Conditional | ぴかぴかなら（ば） | pikapika nara (ba) | |
| Provisional | ぴかぴかだったら | pikapika dattara | |
| Volitional | ぴかぴかだろう | pikapika darō | |
| Adverbial | ぴかぴかに | pikapika ni | |
| Degree | ぴかぴかさ | pikapikasa | |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN; source text visible online here, in the Coruscus entry, third down in the left-hand column, in the adverbial form ficaficato
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN