奈落

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (奈落)		奈	落
simp. #(奈落)		奈	落

Etymology

Transliteration of Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nàiluò

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nàiluò
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nàiluò
    • Wade–Giles: nai⁴-lo⁴
    • Yale: nài-lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nayluoh
    • Palladius: найло (najlo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: najH|naH lak

Rime
Character	奈	奈	落
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	泥 (8)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	奴帶切	奴箇切	盧各切
Baxter	najH	naH	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/najH/	/naH/	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/	/lɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nài	nuò	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naai6	no6	lok6

Noun

奈落

1. (Buddhism) the hell realm.

   Synonyms: 地獄／地狱 (dìyù), 那落迦 (nàluòjiā)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
奈	落
な Grade: 4	らく Grade: 3
goon	on’yomi

Alternative spellings
那落 (rare) 捺落 (rare)

Etymology

From Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

First cited to a text from 985 CE.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ならく [nàrákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [na̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

奈(な)落(らく) • (naraku) 

1. [from circa 1060] (Buddhism) hell

   Synonyms: 地獄 (jigoku, “hell; underworld”), 魔界 (makai, “hell”), 黄泉 (yomi, “underworld”)

2. [from 985] falling into hell
3. [from 1694] the absolute bottom, the last straw, the worst that something can become
4. [from 1800] (theater) a theater basement, a trap cellar (under the stage)
5. [from ???] (video games, platform games) bottomless pit; an invisible place below the playable area that usually kills the game characters falling into it