孝廉

Chinese

		filial	uncorrupt; inexpensive
trad. (孝廉)		孝	廉
simp. #(孝廉)		孝	廉
Literally: “showing filial piety and honest”.

Etymology

In the Han Dynasty, a commandery governor could nominate a private citizen for an official post. The nominee was selected for an outstanding record of filial piety and honesty.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàolián

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau³ lim⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàolián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàolián
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao⁴-lien²
    • Yale: syàu-lyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiawlian
    • Palladius: сяолянь (sjaoljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau³ lim⁴
    • Yale: haau lìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau³ lim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao³ lim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³³ liːm²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: xaewH ljem

Rime
Character	孝	廉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	呼敎切	力鹽切
Baxter	xaewH	ljem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠauH/	/liᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚauH/	/liɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/xauH/	/ljæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨwH/	/liam/
Li Rong	/xauH/	/liɛm/
Wang Li	/xauH/	/lĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/xauH/	/li̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiào	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau3	lim4

Noun

孝廉

1. (historical) local nominee for an official post

Derived terms

• 孝廉方正
• 舉孝廉／举孝廉 (jǔ xiàolián)

 

See also

• 秀才 (xiùcái)