有り

Japanese

Kanji in this term
有
あ Grade: 3

Alternative spellings
有 在り 在

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あ​り [áꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɾʲi]

Etymology 1

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 有(あ)る (aru, “to exist, to be”).

Noun

有(あ)り • (ari) 

1. nominalization of 有る (aru): there is, available

   Antonym: 無し (nashi, “there isn't, unavailable”)

2. (colloquial) OK, acceptable

   Antonyms: ばつ, × (batsu, “not OK, unacceptable”)

Verb

有(あ)り • (ari) 

1. stem or continuative conjugation of 有る (aru)

Derived terms

• ありがとう (arigatō, “thank you”)
• 有(あ)り難(がた)い (arigatai, “special”)
• ありか (arika, “location”)
• 在(あ)りし日(ひ) (arishihi, “days of yore”)

Etymology 2

The Classical and Old Japanese form of modern verb 有る (aru, “to be, there is”).

Verb

有(あ)り • (ari) ^†-ri

1. Classical Japanese form of 有る (aru): to be, to exist

   敵(てき)は本能寺(ほんのうじ)にあり。

   Teki wa Honnō-ji ni ari.

   The enemy is at Honnō-ji. (attributed to Akechi Mitsuhide)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "有り" (ラ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	有ら	あら	ara
Continuative (連用形)	有り	あり	ari
Terminal (終止形)	有り	あり	ari
Attributive (連体形)	有る	ある	aru
Realis (已然形)	有れ	あれ	are
Imperative (命令形)	有れ	あれ	are
Key constructions
Negative	有らず	あらず	arazu
Contrasting conjunction	有れど	あれど	aredo
Causal conjunction	有れば	あれば	areba
Conditional conjunction	有らば	あらば	araba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	有りき	ありき	ariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	有りけり	ありけり	arikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	有りつ	ありつ	aritu
Perfect tense (natural event)	有りぬ	ありぬ	arinu
Perfect-continuative tense	有りたり[1]	ありたり	aritari
Volitional	有らむ	あらむ	aramu
[1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり.