See also: 业果

Chinese

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business; occupation; study fruit; result
trad. (業果)
simp. (业果)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (31) (28)
Final () (147) (95)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter ngjaep kwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨɐp̚/ /kuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɐp̚/ /kuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɐp̚/ /kuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨap̚/ /kwaX/
Li
Rong
/ŋiap̚/ /kuɑX/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭɐp̚/ /kuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯ɐp̚/ /kuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guǒ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jip6 gwo2

Noun

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業果

  1. (Buddhism) karma; the effects of karma

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
ごう
Grade: 3

Grade: 4
on'yomi

Etymology

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/ɡapukwa//ɡafukwa//ɡawukwa//ɡaukwa//ɡɔːkwa//ɡoːkwa//ɡoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 業果 (MC ngjaep kwaX, literally “karmic fruit, karmic result”). Compare modern Mandarin 業果业果 (yèguǒ).

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ごう)() (gōkaがふくわ (gafukwa)?

  1. (Buddhism) karma, specifically the effects of karma

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN