清苦

Chinese edit

		clear; distinct; complete clear; distinct; complete; pure	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (清苦)		清	苦
simp. ^#(清苦)		清	苦

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīngkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cing¹ fu²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-khó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīngkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cingkǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻing¹-kʻu³
  - Yale: chīng-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingkuu
  - Palladius: цинку (cinku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cing¹ fu²
  - Yale: chīng fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsing¹ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qing¹ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshing-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhengqor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adjective edit

清苦

(especially of scholars and intellectuals) destitute; poor; badly off

Synonyms edit

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