百濟

See also: 百済 and 百济

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (百濟)		百	濟
simp. (百济)		百	济

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Bǎijì

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ zai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Bǎijì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Bǎijì
    • Wade–Giles: Pai³-chi⁴
    • Yale: Bǎi-jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baejih
    • Palladius: Байцзи (Bajczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: baak³ zai³
    • Yale: baak jai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ dzai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag³ zei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

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• Middle Chinese: paek tsejH

Rime
Character	百	濟
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	博陌切	子計切
Baxter	paek	tsejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/	/t͡seiH/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/	/t͡seiH/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/	/t͡sɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/	/t͡sɛjH/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/	/t͡seiH/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/	/t͡sieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/	/t͡sieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1	zai3

Proper noun

百濟

1. Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)

Coordinate terms

• 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí)
• 新羅／新罗 (Xīnluó)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百濟):

• → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)済(さい) (Hyakusai)

Korean

Hanja in this term
百	濟

Proper noun

百濟 • (Baekje) (hangeul 백제)

1. Hanja form^? of 백제.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Old Korean 居陀羅 (*Kutara, name of an important place in Baekje territory).

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 百濟 (MC paek tsejH).

Proper noun

百濟 (Kudara) (kana くだら)

1. Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1431:
     , text here

     百濟野乃芽古枝爾待春跡居之鶯鳴爾鷄鵡鴨

     Kudara-no₁ no₂ pagi₂ puruye ni paru matu to₂ worisi ugupi₁su naki₁nike₁mu ka mo

     At the field of Baekje with the bush clover’s old branch, I have sat with a nightingale waiting for spring; I should have been crying!

Coordinate terms

• 狛 (Ko₂ma, “Goguryeo”)
• 新羅 (Siraki₂, “Silla”)

Derived terms

• 百濟王 (Kudara no₂ ko₂niki₁si)

Descendants

• Japanese: 百済 (Kudara)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
百	濟

Proper noun

百濟

1. chữ Hán form of Bách Tế (“Baekje”).