神戸

See also: 神戶 and 神户

Japanese

Kanji in this term
神	戸
こう Grade: 3	へ > べ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
神戶 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

⟨kamu pe₁⟩ → ⟨kamube₁⟩ → */kamubʲe/ → /kaũbe/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/

Originally a compound of 神 (kamu, Old Japanese combining form of kami, “(Shinto) god, deity”) +‎ 戸 (he, “house”); itself referring to 生田神社 (Ikuta Jinja, “Ikuta Shrine”) as attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ーべ [kóꜜòbè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːbe̞]

Proper noun

神(こう)戸(べ) • (Kōbe) ^{←かうべ (kaube)?}

1. Kobe (the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)

   昨日(きのう)、神(こう)戸(べ)から東(とう)京(きょう)に引(ひ)っ越(こ)しました。

   Kinō, Kōbe kara Tōkyō ni hikkoshimashita.

   I moved from Kobe to Tokyo yesterday.

Descendants

• → English: Kobe

Old Japanese

Etymology

Compound of 神 (kamu, combining form of kami₂, “(Shinto) god, deity”) +‎ 戸 (pe₁, “house”). The pe₁ changes to be₁ as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

神戸 (kamube₁) (kana かむべ)

1. under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, a shrine in the 封戸 (fuko) household of taxation
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Sujin, seventh year of reign [c. 90 BCE], thirteenth day of the eleventh month:

     然後卜祭_二他社_一、吉_レ焉。便別祭_二八十萬群神_一。仍定_二天社、國社、及神地、神戸_一。

     Then after was the divination and veneration to the other gods, thereupon [it was] good. Then the other eighty and ten thousand gods were venerated separately. A shrine was dedicated to the ama tsu yashiro [heavenly deities], kuni tsu yashiro [national deities], as well as the godly places and the shrine households.

Descendants

• Japanese: 神戸 (kanbe, Kōbe)