胭脂

Chinese edit

	phonetic
trad. (胭脂)	胭	脂
simp. ^#(胭脂)	胭	脂
alternative forms	焉支燕支撚支臙脂

Etymology edit

Borrowed from the Xiongnu language. Cognate with 閼氏／阏氏 (yānzhī), probably also 焉耆 (Yānqí).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yānzhi, yānzhī

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ ˙ㄓ, ㄧㄢㄓ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan¹ zi¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): янзы (i͡anzɨ, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹ zi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên-chṳ̂ / yân-chṳ̂
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹ zi²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ian-chi
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹i-tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yānzhi
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ ˙ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yanjhi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹-chih⁵
  - Yale: yān-jr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian.jy
  - Palladius: яньчжи (janʹčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩²/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yānzhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yanjhih
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹-chih¹
  - Yale: yān-jr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ianjy
  - Palladius: яньчжи (janʹčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    焉知
    胭脂
    閼氏／阏氏
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yan¹ zi¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ianz
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: янзы (i͡anzɨ, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin¹ zi¹
  - Yale: yīn jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹ dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin¹ ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    焉知
    胭脂
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên-chṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien´ zii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹ zi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân-chṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian´ zii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹ zi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹ zi²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian-chi
  - Tâi-lô: ian-tsi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iency
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³ t͡si³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹i-tsy
  - MiniDict: i^平 tsy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹i-tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Noun edit

胭脂

rouge; fard
(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien, Dungan) lipstick
點胭脂／点胭脂 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― tiám ian-chi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to put on lipstick

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 口紅 (“lipstick”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		口脂
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		口紅, 脣膏
Mandarin	Taiwan	口紅
	Yantai (Muping)	口紅
	Jinan	口紅
	Guilin	口紅
	Singapore	口紅
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	胭脂
Cantonese	Guangzhou	脣膏, 口脣膏
	Hong Kong	脣膏
	Taishan	脣膏
	Taishan (Guanghai)	嘴脣膏, 脣膏
	Kaiping (Chikan)	口脣膏
	Dongguan	脣膏
	Mandalay (Taishan)	口脣紅
Gan	Nanchang	口紅
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	胭脂, 口紅, 酷姬美麗
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	胭脂, 口紅, 酷姬美麗
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	胭脂, 口紅, 酷姬美麗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	胭脂, 口紅, 酷姬美麗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	胭脂, 口紅, 酷姬美麗
Jin	Taiyuan	口紅
Southern Min	Xiamen	脣紅
	Quanzhou	脣紅
	Zhangzhou	脣紅
	Taipei	胭脂
	Kaohsiung	胭脂
	Yilan	胭脂
	Changhua (Lukang)	胭脂
	Taichung	胭脂
	Taichung (Wuqi)	胭脂
	Tainan	胭脂
	Taitung	胭脂
	Hsinchu	胭脂
	Penghu (Magong)	胭脂
	Penang (Hokkien)	胭脂
	Singapore (Hokkien)	脣紅, 胭脂
	Manila (Hokkien)	脣紅, 胭脂
	Leizhou	喙脣紅
	Haikou	喙脣紅
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	口紅
Wu	Shanghai	嘴脣膏
	Suzhou	嘴脣膏, 口紅
	Wenzhou	嘴脣膏

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (胭脂):

→ Japanese: 臙(えん)脂(じ) (enji)
→ Korean: 연지(臙脂) (yeonji)