菖蒲

Chinese

		calamus	calamus
trad. (菖蒲)		菖	蒲
simp. #(菖蒲)		菖	蒲

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chāngpú

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ ㄆㄨˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang¹ pu²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng¹ pou⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhông-phù
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong-pô͘ / chhiang-pô͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chāngpú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ ㄆㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: changpú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang¹-pʻu²
    • Yale: chāng-pú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: changpwu
    • Palladius: чанпу (čanpu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cang¹ pu²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cangpu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: coeng¹ pou⁴
    • Yale: chēung pòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹ pou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹ pou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông-phù
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong´ puˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong¹ pu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴ pʰu¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-pô͘ / chhiang-pô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tshiong-pôo / tshiang-pôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiongpoo, chiangpoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ pɔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ³³ pɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ¹³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²³/

Noun

菖蒲

1. Acorus calamus; sweet sedge; iris

Japanese

あやめ

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
菖	蒲
あやめ
Jinmeiyō	Jinmeiyō
jukujikun

Shift in meaning from 漢女 (ayame), a compound of 漢 (aya, “Chinese”, appears in ancient clan names referring to very early Chinese immigrants to Japan) +‎ 女 (me, “woman”), in reference to the earliest producers of textiles as a metaphor for the colorful patterns of the flowers.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あやめ [àyámé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ja̠me̞]

Noun

菖蒲(あやめ) or 菖蒲(アヤメ) • (ayame) 

1. iris (flower)
2. short for 菖蒲襲 (ayamegasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May
3. (archaic, poetic) the month of May
4. (card games) in hanafuda, the card representing the month of May

   Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アヤメ.

Proper noun

菖蒲(あやめ) • (Ayame) 

1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
菖	蒲
しょう Jinmeiyō	ぶ Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

/ɕaubu/ → /ɕɔːbu/ → /ɕoːbu/

From Middle Chinese 菖蒲 (MC tsyhang bu, literally “iris + bulrush, cattail; vine”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょ​ーぶ [shóꜜòbù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːbɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

菖(しょう)蒲(ぶ) • (shōbu) ^{←しやうぶ (syaubu)?}

1. iris (flower)
2. (card games) in hanafuda, the card representing the month of May
3. short for 菖蒲襲 (shōbugasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
菖	蒲
そう Jinmeiyō	ぶ Jinmeiyō
irregular

Shift in pronunciation from shōbu above.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そ​ーぶ [sóꜜòbù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːbɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

菖(そう)蒲(ぶ) • (sōbu) ^{←さうぶ (saubu)?}

1. iris (flower)
2. short for 菖蒲襲 (sōbugasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May