ꜣmm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʀaˈmam/ → /ʀaˈmam/ → /ʔəˈmam/ → /ʔəˈmam/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʀaˈmam/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʀaˈmam/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈmam/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈmam/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑmɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: amem

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) to grasp, to physically seize (a person or thing; + m: with (one’s hand)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive, of animals) to seize as prey (+ r: to attack as prey)
3. (transitive) to fold or clench together (one’s hands) [26th Dynasty]
4. (transitive) to take (+ n: to, for (oneself)) [Offering Ritual and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣmm (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: ꜣm, geminated stem: ꜣmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣmm8	ꜣmm	ꜣmmt	ꜣmm, ꜣm	ꜣmm, ꜣm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣmm, ꜣm	ḥr ꜣmm	m ꜣmm	r ꜣmm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣmm.n, ꜣm.n	ꜣm	consecutive	ꜣm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜣmmt
perfective3	ꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜣmm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜣmm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜣmm	ꜣmm	potentialis1	ꜣm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣm	ꜣm, ꜣmw5, ꜣmy5
imperfective	ꜣmm, ꜣmmy, ꜣmmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣmm, ꜣmmj6, ꜣmmy6	ꜣmm, ꜣmmw5
prospective	ꜣm, ꜣmtj7	—	ꜣmmtj4, ꜣmmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. ꜣm before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣmm  

ꜣmm	ꜣmm	ꜣm	jm	ꜣmm
	[18th Dynasty]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
		inflected form	inflected form	abbreviation

Synonyms

• ḫfꜥ
• nḏrj
• jṯj

Derived terms

• ꜣm
• ꜣmmt
• ꜣmmw
• ꜣms

Noun

 m

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. grip, grasp [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of ꜣmm (masculine)

singular	ꜣmm
dual	ꜣmmwj
plural	ꜣmmw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 228, 290.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 10.17–10.22
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3