아니꼽다

Korean

Alternative forms

• (slang abbreviation) 꼽다 (kkopda)
• (misspelling) 안이꼽다 (anikkopda)

Dialectal forms:

Extended content

(Pyeong'an) 얘시껍다 (yaesikkeopda) (Pyeongbuk, Liaoning) 야시꼽다 (yasikkopda) (Pyeongbuk) 야시껍다 (yasikkeopda) (Gangwon) 아니꿉다 (anikkupda) (Gyeongnam) 이니꼽다 (inikkopda) (Gyeongsang) 아히꼽다 (ahikkopda) (Hambuk, Jilin) 안꼽다 (ankkopda) (Gyeongbuk) 애꼽다 (aekkopda) (Gyeongnam) 앵꼽다 (aengkkopda) (Gyeongsang) 애이꼽다 (aeikkopda) (Hamnam) 앵이꼽다 (aeng'ikkopda) (Hamnam) 앙이꼽다 (ang'ikkopda) (Gyeongbuk, Hamnam, Heilongjiang) 아이꼽다 (aikkopda) (Jeonnam) 띠꼽다 (ttikkopda) (Chungnam) 내꼽다 (naekkopda)

Etymology

First attested in the 長壽經諺解/장수경언해, c. 1525, as Middle Korean 아니ᄭᅩᆸ다 (Yale: aniskwopta).

Yi Dong-seok (2005) suggests that the adjective derives from a univerbation of 아니 (ani, “not”) +‎ 곱다 (gopda, “to be fair, to be beautiful”), both 아니꼽다 and 곱다 sharing the same conjugational paradigm. Although this would involve an unusual ㅅ (-s-) infix between the adverb and the adjective, Yi cites 업신여기다 (eopsinyeogida, “to look down on”) as another example of linking /-s-/ intervening in an adjective/verb stem that derives from the fusion of an adverb and an adjective/verb.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [a̠nik͈o̞p̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [아니꼽따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	anikkopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ani'kkobda
McCune–Reischauer?	anikkopta
Yale Romanization?	ani.kkopta

Adjective

아니꼽다 • (anikkopda) (irregular, infinitive 아니꼬워, sequential 아니꼬우니)

1. to be pitiful; to rouse compassion for [until late 18th century]
   • 1795, 혜경궁 홍씨 / 惠慶宮 洪氏 (Lady Hong of the Hyegyeong Palace), 한중록 [Hanjungnok, Memoirs of Lady Hyegyeong]:

     주시던 이 아니 계오시니 아니ᄭᅩ와 못 찾노라

     Jusideon i ani gye'osini anikkowa mot channora

     I couldn't wear it because I felt bad [about the fact] that the person who gave it to me has passed away.

2. to be unpleasant, to be distasteful

   세상을 사랑하지 못하고 아니꼽게 보기 때문에

   sesang-eul saranghaji mothago anikkopge bogi ttaemune

   because [I] cannot bring myself to love this world, but instead look at it with distaste

3. to be annoying, to be bothersome (of a person's attitude or speech)

   Synonym: 거슬리다 (geoseullida)

4. to have a stomachache

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 아니꼽다 (anikkopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	아니꼽다 anikkopda	아니꼬워 anikkowo	아니꼬워요 anikkowoyo	아니꼽습니다 anikkopseumnida
	Past	아니꼬웠다 anikkowotda	아니꼬웠어 anikkowosseo	아니꼬웠어요 anikkowosseoyo	아니꼬웠습니다 anikkowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	아니꼬우냐 anikkounya	아니꼬워 anikkowo	아니꼬워요 anikkowoyo	아니꼽습니까 anikkopseumnikka
	Past	아니꼬웠냐 anikkowonnya	아니꼬웠어 anikkowosseo	아니꼬웠어요 anikkowosseoyo	아니꼬웠습니까 anikkowotseumnikka
Assertive		아니꼽겠다 anikkopgetda	아니꼽겠어 anikkopgesseo	아니꼽겠어요 anikkopgesseoyo	아니꼽겠습니다 anikkopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		아니꼬워 anikkowo	아니꼬워서 anikkowoseo	아니꼬우니 anikkouni	아니꼬우니까 anikkounikka
Contrast		아니꼽지만 anikkopjiman	아니꼬운데 anikkounde	아니꼽더니 anikkopdeoni
Conjunction		아니꼽고 anikkopgo
Condition		아니꼬우면 anikkoumyeon	아니꼬워야 anikkowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		아니꼬움 anikkoum	아니꼽기 anikkopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		아니꼬웠음 anikkowosseum	아니꼬웠기 anikkowotgi
Determiners	Present		아니꼬운 anikkoun
	Future		아니꼬울 anikkoul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	아니꼬우시다 anikkousida	아니꼬우셔 anikkousyeo	아니꼬우세요, 아니꼬우셔요 anikkouseyo, anikkousyeoyo	아니꼬우십니다 anikkousimnida
	Past	아니꼬우셨다 anikkousyeotda	아니꼬우셨어 anikkousyeosseo	아니꼬우셨어요 anikkousyeosseoyo	아니꼬우셨습니다 anikkousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	아니꼬우시냐 anikkousinya	아니꼬우셔 anikkousyeo	아니꼬우세요, 아니꼬우셔요 anikkouseyo, anikkousyeoyo	아니꼬우십니까 anikkousimnikka
	Past	아니꼬우셨냐 anikkousyeonnya	아니꼬우셨어 anikkousyeosseo	아니꼬우셨어요 anikkousyeosseoyo	아니꼬우셨습니까 anikkousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		아니꼬우시겠다 anikkousigetda	아니꼬우시겠어 anikkousigesseo	아니꼬우시겠어요 anikkousigesseoyo	아니꼬우시겠습니다 anikkousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		아니꼬우셔 anikkousyeo	아니꼬우셔서 anikkousyeoseo	아니꼬우시니 anikkousini	아니꼬우시니까 anikkousinikka
Contrast		아니꼬우시지만 anikkousijiman	아니꼬우신데 anikkousinde	아니꼬우시더니 anikkousideoni
Conjunction		아니꼬우시고 anikkousigo
Condition		아니꼬우시면 anikkousimyeon	아니꼬우셔야 anikkousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		아니꼬우심 anikkousim	아니꼬우시기 anikkousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		아니꼬우셨음 anikkousyeosseum	아니꼬우셨기 anikkousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		아니꼬우신 anikkousin
	Future		아니꼬우실 anikkousil

References

• 이동석 [idongseok] (2005) 국어 음운 현상의 공시성과 통시성 [gugeo eumun hyeonsang'ui gongsiseonggwa tongsiseong, Synchrony and Diachrony in Korean Phonological Processes], 한국문화사 [han'gungmunhwasa], →ISBN.