-을
Jeju edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
을 (-eul)
- indicates the direct object of a verb
- 시리레 ᄀᆞ를 담으라.
- Sirire gawreul dam-eura.
- Put the flour into the steamer.
Usage notes edit
- 을 (-eul) is used after a word ending with a consonant. If the preceding word ends in a vowel, ㄹ (-l) is used instead.
See also edit
Korean edit
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [을]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | eul |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eul |
McCune–Reischauer? | ŭl |
Yale Romanization? | ul |
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Korean 을〮/ᄋᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: -úl/ól), from Old Korean 乙 (*-ur) in the early second millennium, from even earlier 肹 in the late first millennium. The post-vocalic form 를 (-reul) is probably formed by pre-Middle Korean reduplication, with the original form ㄹ (-l) now relegated to colloquial speech.
Alternative forms edit
Particle edit
을 • (-eul)
- The accusative particle, indicating the direct object of a verb.
- In "long negation" constructions with 지 (-ji), attaches to the negated verb to add emphasis.
- (southern Gyeongsang) Indicates the indirect object of a verb.
Usage notes edit
- Note that Korean verbal transitivity can differ from the English equivalent. In particular, verbs of motion can take direct objects, and most compound verbs with 하다 (hada) function as transitive verbs where the meaningful element is a noun which is the direct object of 하다 (hada).
- Korean case-marking particles can be omitted if the case is obvious from context; in such cases, the particle has an emphatic sense.
- 를 (-reul) can occur after the locative particle 에 (-e) and the instrumental particle 으로 (-euro).
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Korean 으ᇙ/ᄋᆞᇙ (Yale: -ulq/olq), from Old Korean 尸 (*-(u)lq).
In Old Korean, a (perhaps the) primary function of this suffix was to form verbal gerunds that could function as nouns, much as English -ing-forms serve as both independent nouns and to attribute nouns adjectivally; this nominalizing usage was only vestigial in Middle Korean and is wholly defunct today.
Alternative forms edit
- ㄹ (-l) — after vowels
Suffix edit
을 • (-eul)
- A verbal and adjectival irrealis adnominal suffix; generally equivalent to English "that [one] will" or "who [one] will", but not always with a future meaning; indicates the future intention of the subject, the inference of the subject about an event (whether past, present, or future), a general timeless fact, something that ought to be done, etc.
- Coordinate term: 은 (-eun, realis/past adnominal suffix)
Usage notes edit
Related terms edit
Middle Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Old Korean 乙 (*-(u)r).
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
Yin-form | 을〮 (-úl) |
---|---|
Yang-form | ᄋᆞᆯ〮 (-ól) |
을〮 (-úl)
- Accusative case marker.
Alternative forms edit
Descendants edit
- Korean: 을 (eul)