𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sankwijaną (“to cause to sink”). Cognate to Old English senċan and Old Norse søkkva.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsankʷ.jan/, [ˈsaŋkʷ.jan]

Noun

𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (saggqjan)

1. (hapax) to plunge [+ 𐌹𐌽 (accusative) = into something] (to thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse)
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to Timothy (Codex Ambrosianus B) 6.9:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐍄𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄.

     aþþan þaiei wileina gabigai wairþan atdriusand in fraistubnja jah hlamma unhulþins jah lustuns managans unnutjans jah skaþulans, þaiei saggqjand mans in frawardein jah fralust.

     But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition. (KJV).

Usage notes

This lemma is only attested with the radical consonant cluster 𐌲𐌲𐌵 for the more usual 𐌲𐌵 (which appears i.a. in the hencefrom derived 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufsagqjan)); these clusters are pronounced identically.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 saggqjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰 saggqja	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌰 saggqida	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 saggqjada
2nd singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌴𐌹𐍃 saggqeis	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 saggqidēs	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 saggqjaza
3rd singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌴𐌹𐌸 saggqeiþ	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌰 saggqida	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 saggqjada
1st dual	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐍉𐍃 saggqjōs	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 saggqidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 saggqjats	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 saggqidēduts	—
1st plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌼 saggqjam	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 saggqidēdum	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 saggqjanda
2nd plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌴𐌹𐌸 saggqeiþ	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 saggqidēduþ	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 saggqjanda
3rd plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 saggqjand	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 saggqidēdun	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 saggqjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌿 saggqjau	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 saggqidēdjau	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjaidau
2nd singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 saggqjais	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 saggqidēdeis	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 saggqjaizau
3rd singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹 saggqjai	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 saggqidēdi	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjaidau
1st dual	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 saggqjaiwa	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 saggqidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 saggqjaits	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 saggqidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 saggqjaima	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 saggqidēdeima	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjaindau
2nd plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 saggqjaiþ	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 saggqidēdeiþ	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjaindau
3rd plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 saggqjaina	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 saggqidēdeina	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌴𐌹 saggqei
3rd singular	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjadau
2nd dual	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 saggqjats
2nd plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌴𐌹𐌸 saggqeiþ
3rd plural	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 saggqjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 saggqjands	𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌹𐌸𐍃 saggqiþs

Derived terms

• 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufsagqjan, “to swallow up”)

Related terms

• 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌰 (saggqa, “west”)
• 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (sigqan, “to sink”)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 113