Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ungō
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Unknown, but possibly from an earlier *-ōngō, equivalent to *-ōną + *-gō. No certain cognates outside of Germanic and not found in Gothic, which has instead similar verbal nouns without -g-. Perhaps cognate with Latin suffixes -undus (forms the gerund) or from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷos as in ἀλλοδαπός (allodapós), ποδαπός (podapós), and possibly propinquus.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
*-ungō f
Inflection edit
| ō-stemDeclension of *-ungō (ō-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *-ungō | *-ungôz | |
| vocative | *-ungō | *-ungôz | |
| accusative | *-ungǭ | *-ungōz | |
| genitive | *-ungōz | *-ungǫ̂ | |
| dative | *-ungōi | *-ungōmaz | |
| instrumental | *-ungō | *-ungōmiz | |
Usage notes edit
- *-ungō was originally used with weak class 2 verbs (verbs ending in *-ōną) and *-ingō was used with weak class 1 verbs (verbs ending in *-janą) which eventually extended to all other verbs, possibly absorbing other verbal suffixes in the process (e.g. *-āngō, *-angō, *-engō, etc.). Over time, the distinction between *-ungō and *-ingō in the daughter languages became blurred and the suffixes were eventually merged in modern times.