Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/duppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *dʰubʰ-néh₂- from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. An iterative verb related to strong verb *dūbaną (“to dive”). Compare also West Germanic *duppijan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*duppōną

1. to dip

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *dupp- against non-singular *dub-.

Conjugation of *duppōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*duppō	*duppǭ	—	*duppōi	?
2nd singular	*duppōsi	*duppōs	*duppō	*duppōsai	*duppōsau
3rd singular	*duppōþi	*duppō	*duppōþau	*duppōþai	*duppōþau
1st dual	*duppōs	*duppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*duppōþiz	*duppōþiz	*duppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*duppōmaz	*duppōm	—	*duppōnþai	*duppōnþau
2nd plural	*duppōþ	*duppōþ	*duppōþ	*duppōnþai	*duppōnþau
3rd plural	*duppōnþi	*duppōn	*duppōnþau	*duppōnþai	*duppōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*duppōdǭ	*duppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*duppōdēz	*duppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*duppōdē	*duppōdēdī
1st dual	*duppōdēdū	*duppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*duppōdēdudiz	*duppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*duppōdēdum	*duppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*duppōdēdud	*duppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*duppōdēdun	*duppōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*duppōndz	*duppōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *duppōn
  • Old Dutch: *doppon
    • Middle Dutch: doppen
      • Dutch: doppen, dobben (dialectal)
        • ⇒? Dutch: dobberen (or derived from dobber)
  • Old High German: topfōn
    • Middle High German: *topfen
      • German: tupfen, topfen
• Old Norse: *duppa, *dubba
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: duppe

    Norwegian Nynorsk: duppe, dubbe, duppa, dubba

  • Elfdalian: duppa
  • Swedish: doppa
  • Danish: duppe