Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/umbi

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, around”), from earlier *h₂ntbʰi, instrumental case form to *h₂énts (“face”). Cognate with Old Latin am (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “against, about”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈum.bi/

Preposition

*umbi

1. around, about [+accusative]

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *umbi
  • Old English: ymbe, ymb, embe, ymbi, imbe
    • Middle English: umbe, embe
      • English: umbe, umb, um, umben (obsolete)
      • Scots: umbe-
  • Old Frisian: umbe, ombe
    • Saterland Frisian: uum, ume
    • West Frisian: om
  • Old Saxon: umbi
    • Middle Low German: umme
      • Low German: üm, um
      • Plautdietsch: om
  • Old Dutch: umbe, umbi
    • Middle Dutch: omme, ombe, om
      • Dutch: om
        • Afrikaans: om
      • Limburgish: ómb, óm
  • Old High German: umbi
    • Middle High German: umbe, ump, ümbe, üm
      • Alemannic German: ume, umme
      • Bavarian:
        • Cimbrian: umme
        • Mòcheno: um
      • Central Franconian: öm, em
        • Luxembourgish: ëm
      • German: um, (umb, üm, ümb)
      • Yiddish: אום (um)
• Old Norse: umb, um
  • Icelandic: um
  • Faroese: um
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm
  • Old Swedish: um
    • Swedish: om
  • Danish: om
    • Norwegian Bokmål: om
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: om
• →? Proto-Finnic: *umpi
  • ⇒ Estonian: umbes
  • Finnish: umpi
• →⇒ Proto-Finnic: *ümbär
  • Finnish: ympäri