Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European edit
Root edit
- to follow
Derived terms edit
- *sékʷ-e-tor (mediopassive root present)[3][4][5][6][7]
- *sékʷ-t ~ *skʷ-ént (aorist)
- *sékʷ-eh₂
- *sekʷ-o-
- Italic:
- Latin: secus, (pedi)sequus
- Italic:
- *sokʷ-h₂-ṓy ~ *sokʷ-h₂-y-ós[8][9]
- *sekʷ-tó-s
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *sākska
- Albanian: shoh
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Proto-Hellenic: *hekʷétās
- Indo-Iranian
- Proto-Iranian: *haxamaniš
- Proto-Albanian: *sākska
References edit
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “seku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 896-897
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 525-526
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sekti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sekʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 328
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἕπομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*hač”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 124-125
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sequor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 555-556
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sagja- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420
- ^ Yates, Anthony D. (2019) “Suffixal* o-vocalism without “amphikinesis:” On Proto-Indo-European*–oi-stems and ablaut as a diagnostic for word stress”, in David M. Goldstein, Stephanie W. Jamison, and Brent Vine, editors, Proceedings of the 30th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference
Root edit
*sekʷ-[1]
- to see
Notes edit
Some sources relate this root to the one above, suggesting that the meaning "see" derives from "follow with the eyes". It has been argued that this an unlikely development, given that "see" is a more basic and primary meaning than "follow", which is more abstract.[2] However, there is no constraint against basic meanings developing from abstract ones; compare e.g. Latvian redzēt (“see”) from *h₃reǵ- (“stretch, etc.”), and Tocharian AB läk- (“see”) from *leǵ- (“gather”).
Derived terms edit
- *sekʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)[3][4]
- *sókʷ-o-s, *sokʷ-éh₂ (collective)[5]
- *sekʷ-sḱé-ti or *sokʷ-eh₁-sḱé-ti (innovative *sḱé-presents)[6]
References edit
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sehwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 431-432
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*seuni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 434-435
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šākuu̯a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 812-815
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shoh”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 425-426
Root edit
- to say
Notes edit
Some sources similarly relate this root to the first above.
Derived terms edit
- *sékʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)[3][4]
- *sokʷ-éye-ti (causative)[5][6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sákīˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- *sokʷ-h₁-ye-ti (innovated stative)[7][8]
- Proto-Germanic: *sagjaną
- *n̥-skʷ-e-to-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἄσπετος (áspetos)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *sekʷ-tlo-m
- *sokʷ-ó-s[11]
-
- Proto-Slavic: *sokъ (“accuser”) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
References edit
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “seku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 897-898
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 526-527
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sekʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 328
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnsece / inquam”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 304
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sočìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 458
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sakyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 133
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sagjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1988) “5.2.3. *skʷe-tlom”, in The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix *-tlom and its Variants (Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser; 55), Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, →ISBN, page 26
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*skʷetlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 338–339
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sokъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 459
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sagō(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421