Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m-sin

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan edit

Etymology edit

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *msyin (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-sin (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; French, 1983; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *m-sin (*B) (Coblin, 1986)

Root edit

*m-sin

Descendants edit

Old Chinese: 辛 (xīn) /*sin/ (B-S), /*siŋ/ (ZS) ("pungent (in taste)")
- Middle Chinese: 辛 (xīn) /siɪn/

^{The template Template:Sinoxenic does not use the parameter(s): 5=sin
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

**:

→ Japanese: 辛 (しん, shin)
Korean: 신 (辛, sin)
Vietnamese: tân (辛)

- - Modern Mandarin
    - Beijing: 辛 (xīn) (xīn, /ɕin⁵⁵/)
Kamarupan
- Kuki-Chin
  /*thin/ (VanBik, 2009)
  - Northern Chin
    - Tedim: sʻɪn⁴
    - Sizang chin
  - Central Chin
    - Lushai [Mizo]: thin (“liver; heart”)
    - Lai: thǐn
    - Falam Chin: tʻɪn⁴
  - Southern Chin
    - Chinbon Chin: m̩tʰiːn
    - Daai Chin: m̩tʰin
    - Nga La: n̩tʰin
  - Maraic
    - Zotung Chin: tʻĩ¹
- Naga
  - Central Naga:
    - Ao: məsən
    - Lotha Naga: nthen
    - Sangtam: müsi
  - Western Naga (Zemeic):
    - Zeme: ³mi ¹n ⁵ceu
    - Rongmei: məi thìn
  - Tangkhulic
    - Tangkhul: amathin
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: མཆིན (mchin, “liver”), མཆིན་པ (mchin pa, “liver; midriff, diaphragm”)
  - Western Himalayish
    - Bunan: chinpa
    - Chaudangsi: tɕiŋ
    - Kanauri: śin
    - Rongpo: chinpa
  - Tamangish
    - Manang: cin² ba²
- Newar
  - Newar: sẽ
- Kham-Magar-Chepang
  - Chepang: sinʱ
  - Kham: 'sen
Tangut-Qiang
- Tangut: 𗮰 (*sji²)
- Qiangic
  - Ersu: ntshɑ⁵⁵
  - Pumi
    - Northern Pumi: tsu³⁵
    - Southern Pumi: tsyɛ̃⁵⁵
  - Qiang
    - Northern Qiang: si
    - Southern Qiang: sie⁵⁵
  - Queyu: ze¹³
  - Zhaba sei³³
  - Naic
    - Namuyi: si⁵⁵
    - Shixing: suə̃⁵⁵
    - Naxi: serl
  - Gyalrong
    - Japhug: tɯ-mtshi
Nungic
- Anong: bɯ³¹ ɕin⁵⁵
- Drung: pɯ³¹ ɕin⁵⁵
- Rawang: mə ʃɯn³³
Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho
  - Jingpho [Kachin]: sin (“liver”), masin (“heart, mind”)
- Asakian
  - Sak: áŋsiŋ
  - Ganan: ăsʻɛ̃¹
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
  *sin¹ ⪤ tsin¹ (Matisoff, 2003)
  - Burmish
    - Burmese: သည်း (sany:, “liver”) (> အသည်း (a.sany:, “liver”))
    - Achang: a³¹ ʂəŋ³¹
    - Pela: saŋ³⁵
    - Hpon: ăʃaìŋ
    - Zaiwa: siŋ²¹
    - Lhao Vo: sang
  - Loloish
    /*(ʃ)-sin²/ (Bradley, 1979)
    - Northern Loloish
      - Yi (Liangshan): ꌌ (sip, “liver”)
      - Xishanba Lalo: sì-tsé
      - Nasu: sɿ⁵⁵
      - Wumeng: ʂer²¹
      - Nusu: sʰɐ⁵⁵
    - Central Loloish
      - Lisu (Southern): ꓢꓲꓽ (sɨ̀, “liver”), sometimes also ꓫꓵꓽ (ʃɨ̀, “liver”)
      - Lipo: sɿ²¹ tha²¹
      - Sani: sé
      - Jinuo: tsʰɯ³¹ na³¹
      - Kucong: a³¹ sɔ³⁵
      - Lahu: ɔ³¹ sɛ³¹
      - Lisu: si³¹
    - Southern Loloish
      - Bisu: aŋ tshiŋ
      - Hani: tshɔ³¹
      - Mpi: ʔɑ² thɯ²
      - Phunoi: ʔã́ sìn
      - Pyen: ʔa³³ chin³¹
      - Gong: ho̩ŋ sɤ̩́ŋ
    - Southeastern Loloish
      - Azha: i³³ sɛ²²
      - Southern Muji: ɛ²¹ χa⁵⁵ ʨʰi²¹
Proto-Karen: *swɨnᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: သူၣ် (thoò, “liver”)
- Western Kayah: ꤞꤣ꤭ (thōe, “liver”)
- Northern Pwo: sɑ̃³³
- Eastern Pwo: ə̆ θə̃¹
- Western Pwo: ə̆ θə̃⁴

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m-sin

Contents

Proto-Sino-Tibetan edit

Etymology edit

Root edit

Descendants edit

See also edit