sin
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
sin
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.
Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Danish synd (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)
- (theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.
- As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
- 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion[1], New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:
- Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]
- Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
- A misdeed or wrong.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
- The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
- A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:
- For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]
- An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
- 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:
- Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]
- A flaw or mistake.
- No movie is without sin.
- (sports) sin bin
- 2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online[2]:
- Winger Cheslin Kolbe, sitting with his jersey over his head in the sin after a yellow card at the death, was probably the sight of millions of South Africans around the country who had their hearts in their mouth as they sat through another nail-biting match.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- actual sin
- as sin
- cardinal sin
- deadly sin
- eternal sin
- guilty as sin
- hate the sin but love the sinner
- let he who is without sin cast the first stone
- let him that is without sin cast the first stone
- let him who is without sin cast the first stone
- like sin
- live in sin
- love the sinner but hate the sin
- man of sin
- mortal sin
- original antigenic sin
- original as sin
- original sin
- philosophical sin
- sin bin
- sin-binning
- sin-eater
- sin eater
- sin eating
- sin-free
- sinful
- sinfully
- sinless
- sinlessness
- sinlike
- sin money
- sinning
- sinny
- sin offering
- sin-ridden
- sin tax
- theological sin
- ugly as sin
- unpardonable sin
- venial sin
Translations edit
Verb edit
sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)
- (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Etymology 2 edit
Modification of shin.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin (plural sins)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
sin (plural sins)
- Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)
Anagrams edit
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sín (predicative síini)
See also edit
Determiner edit
sín
- your (second person plural)
See also edit
References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Afrikaans edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Particle edit
sin
- Misspelling of s'n.
Aromanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.
Noun edit
sin n (plural sinj)
See also edit
Asturian edit
Preposition edit
sin
- Alternative form of ensin
Breton edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sin m
Cebuano edit
Etymology edit
From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).
Noun edit
sin
- zinc
- galvanized iron sheet
Cornish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sin m (plural sînys)
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -in
Pronoun edit
sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)
- (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
- Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book
- Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book
See also edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Pronoun edit
sin
- accusative of si
Fon edit
Etymology edit
Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sìn
References edit
- Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN
Gun edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti. Possibly cognate with Nkonya ntsu.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
sín
- comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot
References edit
- Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)
Hausa edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin f
- sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新). |
Hunsrik edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sin
- to be
- Ich sin en Mann.
- I am a man.
- Deer seid zu mied.
- You are too tired.
- Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.
- They think she's a witch.
- (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs
- Ich sin fortgang.
- I am gone.
Inflection edit
Irregular with past tense, conditional and subjunctive mood | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | sin | ||||
participle | gewees, geweest, geween | ||||
auxiliary | sin | ||||
present indicative |
past indicative |
conditional | subjunctive | imperative | |
ich | sin | waar | wäär | sei | — |
du | bist | waarst | wäärst | seist | sei |
er/sie/es | is | waar | wäär | sei | — |
meer | sin | waare | wääre | seie | — |
deer | seid | waard | wäärd | seid | seid |
sie | sin | waare | wääre | seie | — |
The use of the present participle is uncommon, but can be made with the suffix -end. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)
Declension edit
Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- an buachaill sin ― that boy
Pronoun edit
sin
- that
- Sin é mo dheartháir.
- That is my brother.
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
sin | shin after an, tsin |
not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 67
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
sin
Iu Mien edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sin
Kabyle edit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sin | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Berber.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
sin m (feminine snat)
References edit
- Bellahsene, Linda, Hameg, Nadia (2009) “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages[5], Paris, France
Ladino edit
Etymology edit
From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין)
Antonyms edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
sīn
- if however, if on the contrary, but if
- Nonne si bene egeris, recipies : sin autem male, statim in foribus peccatum aderit?
- If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? (Genesis 4:7, God speaking to Cain)
References edit
- sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
Livonian edit
Pronoun edit
sin
Menien edit
Noun edit
sin
References edit
- Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
Noun edit
sin m or f
Inflection edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Conjunction edit
sin
- Alternative form of sithen
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
sin
- Alternative form of synne
Middle High German edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
sîn or wësen (irregular, third-person singular present ist, past tense was, past participle gewësen, past subjunctive wære, auxiliary sîn)
Conjugation edit
infinitive | sîn wësen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | sînnes sînes wësennes wësenes | ||||
dative gerund | sînne sîne wësenne wësene | ||||
present participle | sînde wësende | ||||
past participle | gewësen | ||||
auxiliary | sîn | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich bin | wir birn | i | ich sî | wir sîn |
du bist | ir birt | du sîst | ir sît | ||
ër ist | sie sint | ër sî | sie sîn | ||
preterite | ich was | wir wâren | ii | ich wære | wir wæren |
du wære | ir wâret | du wærest | ir wæret | ||
ër was | sie wâren | ër wære | sie wæren | ||
imperative | wis (du) bis (du) |
sît (ir) |
Descendants edit
- German: sein
References edit
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “sîn”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke[6], Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Etymology 2 edit
From Old High German sīn.
Determiner edit
sîn
Descendants edit
- German: sein
Middle Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Determiner edit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
- Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
- That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]
Pronoun edit
sin
- that
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
- Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
- That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle Low German edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronoun edit
sîn
- (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
- John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
- (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
- (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
- (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
Declension edit
Personal pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Possessive pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong declension | ||||
Masculine | sîn | sînen | sînem(e) (sînennote) | sînes |
Neuter | sîn | |||
Feminine | sîne | sîner(e) | ||
Plural | sîne | sînen | sîner(e) | |
Weak declension | ||||
Masculine | sîne | sînen | sînen | |
Neuter | sîne | |||
Feminine | sînen | |||
Plural | sînen | |||
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. |
Alternative forms edit
- sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
sîn
- to be
Usage notes edit
- Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.
Descendants edit
Miskito edit
Adverb edit
sin
edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).
Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin (possessed form biyiin)
Inflection edit
singular | duoplural | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | shiyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
2nd person | niyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
3rd person | biyiin | ||
4th person (3o) | yiyiin | ||
4th person (3a) | hayiin | ||
Indefinite (3i) | ayiin |
North Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.
Pronoun edit
sin
Northern Sami edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sin
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)
- (reflexive) her / his / its / their
- indicating possession; 's, of
- Det var skolen sin bil.
- It was the school's car.
See also edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
References edit
- “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)
- (reflexive) her/his/its/their
- indicating possession; 's, of
- Det var skulen sin bil.
- It was the school’s car.
References edit
- “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.
Determiner edit
sīn
Inflection edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | sīn | sīn | sīn |
Accusative | sīnin | sīna | sīn |
Genitive | sīnis | sīnro | sīnis |
Dative | sīnin | sīnro | sīnin |
Instrumental | sīnin | sīnro | sīnin |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sīna | sīna | sīna |
Accusative | sīna | sīna | sīna |
Genitive | sīnro | sīnro | sīnro |
Dative | sīnon | sīnon | sīnon |
Instrumental | sīn- | sīn- | sīn- |
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).
Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sīn
- (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
- him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
- þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
- þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
- Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair
Usage notes edit
- Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.
Declension edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | sīn | sīn | sīn |
Accusative | sīnne | sīne | sīn |
Genitive | sīnes | sīnre | sīnes |
Dative | sīnum | sīnre | sīnum |
Instrumental | sīne | sīnre | sīne |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sīne | sīna, sīne | sīn |
Accusative | sīne | sīna, sīne | sīn |
Genitive | sīnra | sīnra | sīnra |
Dative | sīnum | sīnum | sīnum |
Instrumental | sīnum | sīnum | sīnum |
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
Noun edit
sin m
Declension edit
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | sin | sina |
accusative | sin | sina |
genitive | sines | sino |
dative | sine | sinum |
instrumental | sinu | — |
Synonyms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).
Determiner edit
sin
- that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
- Synonym: tall
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
- co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
- so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Pronoun edit
sin
- that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
Derived terms edit
Old Norse edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *senawō.
Noun edit
sin f (genitive sinar)
References edit
- "sin", in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Saxon edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.
Determiner edit
sīn m or n
- (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
- 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:
- uundrodun alla bihuuī he thar sō lango frāon sīnun thionon thorfti
- they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lords
- verse 3832:
- selliad, that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
- Bring that which is his, that shall be your souls
- 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:
Declension edit
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | sīn | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīn | sīne |
accusative | sīnana | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīna | sīne |
genitive | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnaro | sīnarō |
dative | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnaro | sīnum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | sīno | sīnu | sīna | sīnu | sīna | sīnu |
accusative | sīnun | sīnun | sīna | sīnun | sīnun | sīnun |
genitive | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō |
dative | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum |
Descendants edit
- Low German: sien
See also edit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.
Verb edit
sīn (irregular)
Conjugation edit
infinitive | sīn | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | *em, *im | was |
2nd person singular | *art | *wāri |
3rd person singular | ist, is | was |
plural | sind, sindun, *arun | wārun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | sī | wāri |
2nd person singular | sīs | wāris |
3rd person singular | sī | wāri |
plural | sīn | wārin |
imperative | present | |
singular | wes, wis | |
plural | wesad, wesat, wesath | |
participle | present | past |
wesandi | giwesan |
Descendants edit
Old Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
sin
- without
- c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:
- Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados
- He saw open doors and gates without locks
Antonyms edit
Descendants edit
Old Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Old Norse sínn, sinn from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
Determiner edit
sin
Picard edit
Pronoun edit
sin m
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).
Noun edit
sin m (uncountable)
- (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)
Declension edit
Saterland Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)
See also edit
Possessive determiners | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
masculine | min | din | sin | hiere | sin | uus | jou | hiere | |
other | mien | dien | sien | sien | |||||
Possessive pronouns | |||||||||
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
masculine | minnen | dinnen | sinnen | hierens | sinnen | uzen | jouens | hierens | |
other | mienen | dienen | sienen | sienen |
References edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Alternative forms edit
- (Uist) sineach
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sin
- that
- Dè tha sin?
- What is that?
Derived terms edit
Determiner edit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- an gille sin
- that boy
Derived terms edit
- an sin (“there; then”)
- air a shon sin (“nevertheless”)
- an dèidh sin (“afterwards; nevertheless”)
- cho math ri sin (“furthermore”)
- iad sin (“those”)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)
- sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
Declension edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sȋn m anim
Inflection edit
Declension of sin | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | sin | ||
gen. sing. | sina | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | sin | sinova | sinovi |
accusative | sin / sinu | sinova | sinove |
genitive | sina | sinov | sinov |
dative | sinu | sinovoma | sinovom |
locative | sinu | sinovih | sinovih |
instrumental | sinom | sinovoma | sinovi |
Further reading edit
- “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
sin
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “sin”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Alternative forms edit
- ſin (obsolete typography)
Etymology 1 edit
Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).
Noun edit
sin ?
- Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notes edit
Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)
- his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
- Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
- He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.
- Compare: Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.
- He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
- Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.
- She collects her poems in a box.
- Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.
- The dog doesn’t like its collar.
- De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.
- They gathered their papers and left the meeting.
Usage notes edit
- The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
Declension edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
Tatar edit
Pronoun edit
sin
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).[1]
Noun edit
sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)
Inflection edit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | sin | |
Definite accusative | sini | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | sin | sinler |
Definite accusative | sini | sinleri |
Dative | sine | sinlere |
Locative | sinde | sinlerde |
Ablative | sinden | sinlerden |
Genitive | sinin | sinlerin |
References edit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sɨ(j)n”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
sin
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
From translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [sin˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂin˧˧] ~ [sin˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʂɨn˧˧] ~ [sɨn˧˧]
Noun edit
sin
See also edit
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
PIE word |
---|
*(s)ḱeh₃- |
From English scene, from Middle French scene, from Latin scaena, scēna, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Doublet of cysgod (“shade, shadow”).
Noun edit
sin f (plural sinau, not mutable)
- scene (social environment)
- y sin bop Gymraeg ― the Welsh-language pop scene
Etymology 2 edit
From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).
Noun edit
sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)
Etymology 3 edit
From Middle English sine, from Old French signe, from Latin signum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”); Doublet of hesg (“sedges, rushes”) if the former, Doublet of chwedl (“tale”), ateb (“to answer”), and gohebu (“to correspond”) if the latter.
Noun edit
sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)
- (obsolete) sign
- Synonym: arwydd
- (obsolete) symbol
- Synonym: symbol
- (obsolete) emblem
- Synonym: arwyddlun
References edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)
- sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
- sense (means of experiencing the external world)
- meaning, sense, significance
Further reading edit
- “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Noun edit
sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)
Further reading edit
- “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sìn
- (transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
- (transitive) to serve
Usage notes edit
- sin before a direct object
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sìn
- (transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant
Usage notes edit
- sin before a direct object
Derived terms edit
- ọ̀sìn (“domestication”)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sìn
- (transitive) to give a girl away in marriage
Usage notes edit
- sin before a direct object
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sìn
- (transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide
Usage notes edit
- sin before a direct object
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sìn
- (transitive) to serve, to work for someone
Usage notes edit
- sin before a direct object
Derived terms edit
- ìsìn (“servitude”)
Etymology 6 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sìn
- (transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it
Usage notes edit
- sin before a direct object
Derived terms edit
Etymology 7 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sin
- (transitive) to bury in soil
Derived terms edit
Etymology 8 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sin
Etymology 9 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sín
- (transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)
- Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́
Derived terms edit
- ìsíngbẹ́rẹ́ (“scarification”)
Etymology 10 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sín
- (intransitive) to sneeze
Derived terms edit
Etymology 11 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sín
- (intransitive) to string or piece things together
- Synonym: sò
Derived terms edit
Etymology 12 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sín
- (intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)
Derived terms edit
Zhuang edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θin˨˦/
- Tone numbers: sin1
- Hyphenation: sin
Noun edit
sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)
- the eighth of the ten heavenly stems