Proto-Slavic
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Etymology
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Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei , from Proto-Indo-European *per- . Baltic cognates include Lithuanian per̃ti ( “ to beat with a broom (in a bath) ” ) , and wider Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पृत् ( pṛt ) , पृतन ( pṛ́tana ) , पृतना ( pṛ́tanā , “ struggle, dispute, battle ” ) .
Per Vasmer, cognates also include Latvian pḕrt ( “ to beat, to pound ” ) , pirêtiês ( “ to quarrel ” ) , Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 ( pəšana , “ battle ” ) , 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬉 ( pərə tantē , “ they are fighting ” ) , Sanskrit परि ( parí ) , परिन् ( parin , “ enemy ” ) , Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- ( par- , “ stand in the way ” ) . Vasmer also includes various cognates beginning with *sp- that may reflect a separate Indo-European root *sperH- or *perH : Lithuanian spìrti ( “ to prop up ” ) , 1sg. Lithuanian spiriù and Lithuanian ãtsparas ( “ support, stand ” ) , and wider Indo-European cognates Latin spernō ( “ to spurn ” ) , English spurn , Sanskrit स्फुरति ( sphuráti , “ to kick away, to shudder ” ) , Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 ( sparai ti , “ to trample, to push ” ) .
Vasmer treats the Russian meanings "to move, to travel" as belonging to an entirely separate homophonous verb, also found in Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ ( perǫtŭ , “ they fly ” ) , but this form more correctly stems from the Proto-Slavic verb *pьrati ( “ to fly ” ) , and the Russian meanings are colloquial and likely to be extensions of the underlying meaning "to drag".
*pérti impf [1] [2] [3]
to push , to press
to oppose
→ to quarrel , deny , renounce
Inflection
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Conjugation of
*perti, *per, *pьretь (
impf. ,
-C- , s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*pьrtьje
*perti
*pertъ
*pьrlъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*pьrtъ
*pьromъ
Active
*pьrъ
*pьry
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*perxъ
*per
*per
*pьrǫ
*pьreši
*pьretь
Dual
*perxově
*persta
*perste
*pьrevě
*pьreta
*pьrete
Plural
*perxomъ
*perste
*peršę
*pьremъ
*pьrete
*pьrǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*pьrěaxъ
*pьrěaše
*pьrěaše
—
*pьri
*pьri
Dual
*pьrěaxově
*pьrěašeta
*pьrěašete
*pьrěvě
*pьrěta
—
Plural
*pьrěaxomъ
*pьrěašete
*pьrěaxǫ
*pьrěmъ
*pьrěte
—
Notes: (*)*pьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Intensive derivative: *-pirati
Related terms
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*pьrati ( “ to beat, to trample, to wash ” )
*pьrěti ( “ to quarrel, to deny, to renounce ” )
*pertiti ( “ to order, to forbid, to threaten ” )
*pъrtiti ( “ to expire ” )
*portiti ( “ to propel, to send ” )
*opora ( “ support, basis, foothold ” )
*perkъ ( “ direct ” )
*pertъ ( “ trim, arranged ” )
*pьrtь ( “ bathhouse ” )
*sъporъ ( “ conflict, dispute ” )
Derived terms
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Descendants
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East Slavic:
Old East Slavic:
Belarusian: пе́рці ( pjérci ) , 1sg. пру ( pru )
Russian: пере́ть ( perétʹ , “ to push, to drag; ( colloquial ) to move, to travel ” ) , 1sg. пру ( pru ) , 3sg. прёт ( prjot )
Ukrainian: пе́рти ( pérty ) , 1sg. пру ( pru )
South Slavic:
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: прѣти ( prěti , “ to quarrel ” ) , 1sg. пьрѫ ( pĭrǫ )
Glagolitic: [Term?]
Bulgarian: запра́ ( zaprá ) , запи́рам ( zapíram , “ to detain, to prohibit ” )
Macedonian: запре ( zapre , “ to stop ” )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти ( “ to bar, to lock ” ) , 1sg. за̏пре̄м
Latin: zàprēti ( “ to bar, to lock ” ) , 1sg. zȁprēm
Slovene: zaprẹ́ti ( “ to bar, to lock ” ) ( tonal orthography ) , 1sg. zaprȅm ( tonal orthography )
West Slavic:
Old Czech: přieti sě ( “ to challenge ” )
Polish: przeć ( “ to push, to press (on) ” ) , 1sg. prę
Slovak: zaprieť
Sorbian:
Upper Sorbian: prěć ( “ to refuse, to renounce ” )
Lower Sorbian: pŕěś ( “ to refuse, to renounce ” )
Further reading
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Vasmer, Max (1964–1973 ) “пере́ть ”, in Oleg Trubachyov , transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Duridanov, I. V. , Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996 ), “пръ се ”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary ] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска ), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN , page 812
References
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^ Derksen, Rick (2008 ) “*perti ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN , →ISSN , page 396 : “v. (c) ”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016 ) “-prẹ́ti ”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary ] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si : “*pérti ”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001 ) “perti: pьrǫ pьretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List [1] , Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c låse, lukke (SA 203, 235, 251; PR 139) ”