Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zadъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰed-. Akin to Albanian dhjes (“to mess up”), Ancient Greek χέζω (khézō, “I defecate”), χόδᾰνος (khódanos, “buttocks”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬲 (haδaž, “anus”), 𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵 (zadah, “rump”), Old Armenian ձետ (jet, “tail, penis”), Sanskrit हदति (hadati, “to evacuate, discharge excrement”). Also analyzable as *za +‎ *-dъ.

Noun

*zadъ m

1. back, rear, rump

   Synonyms: *kuprъ, *tylъ

Inflection

Declension of *zadъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*zadъ	*zada	*zadi
genitive	*zada	*zadu	*zadъ
dative	*zadu	*zadoma	*zadomъ
accusative	*zadъ	*zada	*zady
instrumental	*zadъmь, *zadomь*	*zadoma	*zady
locative	*zadě	*zadu	*zaděxъ
vocative	*zade	*zada	*zadi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: задъ (zadŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: задъ (zad)
      • Belarusian: зад (zad)
      • Ukrainian: зад (zad)
    • Russian: зад (zad)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: зади (zadi)

  • Bulgarian: зад (zad)
  • Macedonian: зад (zad)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: за̑д

    Latin script: zȃd

    • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: за̏дак

      Latin script: zȁdak

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: záda
  • Old Polish: zad
    • Polish: zad
  • Slovak: zad
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: zad

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зад”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1985), “зад”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 3 (га! – інчэ́), Minsk: Navuka i technika