Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun
Proto-Turkic edit
Alternative reconstructions edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, via Sogdic[2][3] or perhaps Sakan,[4] ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wniH, the feminine form of *hwatā́wā (“lord, king”).
A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/(a)matun/, “mother”).[5]
Noun edit
Declension edit
Declension of *xātun
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *xātun |
Accusative | *xātunnï, *xātunug 4), *xātunnïg 1) |
Genitive | *xātunnïŋ |
Dative | *xātunka |
Locative | *xātunta |
Ablative | *xātuntan |
Allative | *xātungaru |
Instrumental 2) | *xātunun |
Equative 2) | *xātunča |
Similative 2) | *xātunlayu |
Comitative 2) | *xātunlugu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants edit
It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.
- Karakhanid: قاتُونْ (qātūn)
- Karluk:
- Kipchak
- Kipchak: [script needed] (qātūn)
- Central Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Oghuz:
- Siberian:
- Southern Siberian
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qatun)
- Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/xatūn/)
- Northern Altai:
- Sayan:
- Yenisei:
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qatun)
- North Siberian:
- Southern Siberian
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qt¹un¹ /qatun/)
- → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʻun)
- → Manchu: ᡴᠠᡨᡠᠨ (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
- → Proto-Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)
- → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫑𐫀𐫎𐫇𐫗 (xʾṯwn /xātūn, qātūn/, “Lady, an Uighur female title”)
- Persian: خاتون (xâtun) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
- → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)
References edit
- ^ Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 297
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xa:tun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 602
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
- ^ Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica[1], volume 2, page 9
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)[2] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1159, page 132
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kadın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük