envisager

English

Etymology

envisage +‎ -er

Noun

envisager (plural envisagers)

1. One who envisages.

French

Etymology

From en- +‎ visage +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/

• Audio (Lyon, France)

  (file)

Verb

envisager

1. to envisage; to contemplate

   J’envisage de partir demain matin ― I intend to leave tomorrow morning

   • 1991, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, Canada Parliament, House of Commons: Standing Committee on Public Accounts:

     Il s’agit d’une possibilité envisagée, et si l’on prend des mesures, je ne crois pas cela provoquerait un exode massif de sociétés canadiennes.

     This is a possibility under consideration, and if we do take action, I do not believe that it would cause a mass exodus of Canadian companies.

2. (dated, original sense) to face

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written envisage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of envisager (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	envisager
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	envisageant /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		envisagé /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	envisages /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	envisageons /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɔ̃/	envisagez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/	envisagent /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/
	imperfect	envisageais /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/	envisageais /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/	envisageait /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/	envisagions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒjɔ̃/	envisagiez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒje/	envisageaient /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	envisageai /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/	envisageas /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/	envisagea /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/	envisageâmes /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒam/	envisageâtes /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒat/	envisagèrent /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛʁ/
	future	envisagerai /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁe/	envisageras /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁa/	envisagera /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁa/	envisagerons /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɔ̃/	envisagerez /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁe/	envisageront /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	envisagerais /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/	envisagerais /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/	envisagerait /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/	envisagerions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	envisageriez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒə.ʁje/	envisageraient /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	envisages /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	envisagions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒjɔ̃/	envisagiez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒje/	envisagent /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/
	imperfect2	envisageasse /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/	envisageasses /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/	envisageât /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/	envisageassions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	envisageassiez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa.sje/	envisageassent /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/	—	envisageons /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɔ̃/	envisagez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• envisageable

Further reading

• “envisager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• vengerais