fénylik
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
fény (“light”) + -lik (verb-forming suffix)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fénylik
- (intransitive) to shine, glitter
Usage notes edit
This verb belongs among those whose subjunctive forms (as well as adverbial participle and potential) would generate a cluster of three consonants, which is hard to pronounce. To avoid it, linguistic literature usually advises inserting a vowel between the first two consonants (or in some cases, avoiding these forms altogether). However, many native speakers find it just as awkward as the triple-consonant option and shrink from using it, even refusing these forms on hearing (although people have no objection to using the same linking vowel with other verbs like oszlik or bomlik). If someone wants to avoid these forms, a synonymous verb can be used instead or the sentence can be rephrased. (Verbs that are currently categorized as not having the above forms at all are listed at Hungarian defective verbs. However, in this case there is not always a clear dividing line between uncommon and impossible.) Further reading (in Hungarian): [1] [2] [3]
In this case, the disputed subjunctive form as in …hogy (ne) fényeljen (“…so that it should(n’t) shine/glare”) may be avoided e.g. by using the appropriate form of the synonymous but regular verb ragyog.
Conjugation edit
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fénylek | fénylesz | fénylik | fénylünk | fényletek | fénylenek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fénylettem | fénylettél | fénylett | fénylettünk | fénylettetek | fénylettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fényleni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fénylék | fénylél | fényle | fénylénk | fénylétek | fénylének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fénylik vala, fénylett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fénylendek | fénylendesz | fénylend | fénylendünk | fénylendetek | fénylendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fénylenék | fénylenél | fénylene | fénylenénk | fénylenétek | fénylenének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fénylett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fényeljek | fényelj or fényeljél |
fényeljen | fényeljünk | fényeljetek | fényeljenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fénylett légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | fényleni | fénylenem | fénylened | fénylenie | fénylenünk | fénylenetek | fényleniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| fénylés | fénylő | fénylett | ― | fényelve (fényelvén) | |||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fényelhetek | fényelhetsz | fényelhet | fényelhetünk | fényelhettek | fényelhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fényelhettem | fényelhettél | fényelhetett | fényelhettünk | fényelhettetek | fényelhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fénylheték | fénylhetél | fénylhete | fénylheténk | fénylhetétek | fénylhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fényelhet vala, fényelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fényelhetendek or fénylandhatok |
fényelhetendesz or fénylandhatsz |
fényelhetend or fénylandhat |
fényelhetendünk or fénylandhatunk |
fényelhetendetek or fénylandhattok |
fényelhetendenek or fénylandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fényelhetnék | fényelhetnél | fényelhetne | fényelhetnénk | fényelhetnétek | fényelhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fényelhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fényelhessek | fényelhess or fényelhessél |
fényelhessen | fényelhessünk | fényelhessetek | fényelhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fényelhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (fényelhetni) | (fényelhetnem) | (fényelhetned) | (fényelhetnie) | (fényelhetnünk) | (fényelhetnetek) | (fényelhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (fényelhetve / fényelhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- fénylik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN