imbuo
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Back-formation from the past participle imbūtus, itself from Proto-Italic *enðūtos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-dʰh₁-u-h₁-tós, an instrumental-based participial derivative of *h₁en (“in”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place”) + *-us + *-tós.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈim.bu.oː/, [ˈɪmbuoː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈim.bu.o/, [ˈimbuo]
Verb edit
imbuō (present infinitive imbuere, perfect active imbuī, supine imbūtum); third conjugation
- to wet, moisten, dip
- c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 4.13–21:
- Amastri Pontica et Cytōre buxifer,
tibi haec fuisse et esse cognitissima
ait phasēlus; ultimā ex orīgine
tuō stetisse dīcit in cacūmine,
tuō imbuisse palmulās in aequore,
et inde tot per impotentia freta
erum tulisse, laeva sīve dextera
vocāret aura, sīve utrumque Iuppiter
simul secundus incidisset in pedem.- Pontic Amastris and boxwood-bearing Cytorus,
to you to have been and to be most acquainted
claims the phaselus; from the first origin
to have stood on your mountaintop,
in your water to have dipped the shears,
and thence over so many powerless waves
to have taken the master, whether a left- or right-hand
breeze called, or whichever sheet
Jupiter came astern at the same time on.
- Pontic Amastris and boxwood-bearing Cytorus,
- Amastri Pontica et Cytōre buxifer,
- 9 CE, Ovid, The Ibis 223–228:
- Prōtinus Eumenidēs lāvēre palūstribus undīs,
quā cava dē Stygiīs flūxerat unda vadīs,
pectoraque ūnxērunt Ērebeae felle colubrae
terque cruentātās increpuēre manūs,
gutturaque inbuērunt īnfantia lacte canīnō:
hic prīmus puerī vēnit in ōra cibus.- Immediately the Furies washed him in the marshy waters,
where the hollow wave flowed from the ford of the Styx
and anointed his chest with the venom of a serpent from Erebus
and thrice clapped their bloodied hands
and moistened the infant throat with dog milk:
this food came first into the child's mouth.
- Immediately the Furies washed him in the marshy waters,
- Prōtinus Eumenidēs lāvēre palūstribus undīs,
- to fill, tinge, stain, taint, infect, imbue
- C.E. 4th C., Nonius Marcellus (author), W. M. Lindsay (editor), Dē compendiōsā doctrīnā (1903), page 838:
- Inbuere cōnsuētūdō indūcere extimat, cum sit propriē maculāre vel polluere vel īnficere. Accius Armōrum Iūdiciō: 'Inter quōs saepe et multō imbūtōs sanguine'. Īdem Melanippō: 'Crēditĭs mē amīcī morte inbūtūrum manūs?'
- To imbue is usually taken to mean specifically to stain or soil or tinge. Accius in The Trial of Weapons: 'Amongst them oft too tainted with much blood'. The same in Melanippus: 'You think I'm going to stain my hands with the blood of a friend?'
- Inbuere cōnsuētūdō indūcere extimat, cum sit propriē maculāre vel polluere vel īnficere. Accius Armōrum Iūdiciō: 'Inter quōs saepe et multō imbūtōs sanguine'. Īdem Melanippō: 'Crēditĭs mē amīcī morte inbūtūrum manūs?'
- C.E. 4th C., Nonius Marcellus (author), W. M. Lindsay (editor), Dē compendiōsā doctrīnā (1903), page 838:
- to accustom or impress early, inspire, imbue
- c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 5.78:
- Aegyptiōrum mōrem quis ignōrat? quōrum inbūtae mentēs prāvitātis errōribus quamvīs carnificīnam prius subierint quam ībim aut aspidem aut faelem aut canem aut corcodillum violent, quōrum etiamsī inprūdentēs quippiam fēcerint, poenam nūllam recūsent.
- Who doesn't know the custom of the Egyptians? whose minds accustomed to delusions of wrongness would rather undergo as much torture as you want than desecrate the ibis or the asp or the cat or the crocodile, and to whom, even if one inadvertently did something to, he would not refuse any punishment.
- Aegyptiōrum mōrem quis ignōrat? quōrum inbūtae mentēs prāvitātis errōribus quamvīs carnificīnam prius subierint quam ībim aut aspidem aut faelem aut canem aut corcodillum violent, quōrum etiamsī inprūdentēs quippiam fēcerint, poenam nūllam recūsent.
- to do something for the first time, set the example
- 30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegies 4.10.5–8:
- Imbuis exemplum prīmae tū, Rōmule, palmae
huius, et exuviō plēnus ab hoste redīs,
tempore quō portās Caenīnum Acrōna petentem
victor in ēversum cuspide fundis equum.- You set the example, Romulus, of the first prize,
and return loaded with spoils from the enemy,
at the time when the Caenine Acron going for the gates
you kill with a spear upon his fallen horse.
- You set the example, Romulus, of the first prize,
- Imbuis exemplum prīmae tū, Rōmule, palmae
- to instruct, initiate, train to a degree; familiarise
- 20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horace, Epistles 2.2.1–9:
- Flōre, bonō clārōque fidēlis amīce Nerōnī,
sī quis forte velit puerum tibi vēndere nātum
Tībure vel Gabiīs, et tēcum sīc agat: 'Hīc et
candidus et tālōs ā vertice pulcher ad īmōs
fīet eritque tuus nummōrum mīlibus octō,
verna ministeriīs ad nūtūs aptus erīlīs,
litterulīs Graecīs imbutūs, idōneus artī
cuilibet; argillā quidvīs imitāberis ūdā;
quīn etiam canet indoctum sed dulce bibentī. […] '- Florus, faithful friend to the good and famous Tiberius Claudius Nero,
if someone by chance wanted to sell you a slave born
at Tibur or Gabii, and dealt with you thus: 'This one
will become white and beautiful from top to the lowest ankles
and will be yours for eight thousand sesterces,
a home-born slave apt for tasks at the master's nod,
somewhat initiated in Greek learning, fitting for any
trade; you'll model whatever you will in wet clay;
moreover, he'll also sing, artlessly but sweetly, to you when you drink. […]
- Florus, faithful friend to the good and famous Tiberius Claudius Nero,
- Flōre, bonō clārōque fidēlis amīce Nerōnī,
- c. 102 CE, Tacitus, Dialogus de oratoribus 19.5:
- […] vix in cortīnā quisquam adsistat quīn elementīs studiōrum, etsī nōn instrūctus, at certē imbūtus sit […]
- […] hardly does anyone stand in the circle of hearers who isn't, if not instructed, but surely familiarised with the elements of study […]
- […] vix in cortīnā quisquam adsistat quīn elementīs studiōrum, etsī nōn instrūctus, at certē imbūtus sit […]
Conjugation edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “imbuō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
Further reading edit
- “imbuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “imbuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- imbuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be imbibing false opinions: opinionibus falsis imbui
- to receive the first elements of a liberal education: primis litterarum elementis imbui
- to inspire with religious feeling, with the fear of God: imbuere (vid. sect. VII. 7, note imbuere...) pectora religione
- to be imbibing false opinions: opinionibus falsis imbui
Portuguese edit
Verb edit
imbuo