Egyptian
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Etymology
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Presumably related to jṯj (“to seize”).
Pronunciation
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3-lit.
- (transitive) to carry off, to take away [since the New Kingdom]
- (transitive) to steal [since the New Kingdom]
Inflection
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Conjugation of jṯꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jṯꜣ, geminated stem: jṯꜣꜣ
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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jṯꜣ
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jṯꜣw, jṯꜣ
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jṯꜣt
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jṯꜣ
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jṯꜣ
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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jṯꜣ
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ḥr jṯꜣ
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m jṯꜣ
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r jṯꜣ
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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jṯꜣ.n
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jṯꜣw, jṯꜣ
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consecutive
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jṯꜣ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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jṯꜣt
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| perfective3
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jṯꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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jṯꜣ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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jṯꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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jṯꜣ
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jṯꜣꜣ
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potentialis1
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jṯꜣ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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jṯꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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jṯꜣ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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jṯꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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jṯꜣ
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jṯꜣ, jṯꜣw5, jṯꜣy5
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| imperfective
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jṯꜣ, jṯꜣy, jṯꜣw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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jṯꜣ, jṯꜣj6, jṯꜣy6
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jṯꜣ, jṯꜣw5
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| prospective
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jṯꜣ, jṯꜣtj7
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—
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jṯꜣtj4, jṯꜣt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jṯꜣ
m
- thief [since Middle Kingdom literature]
Inflection
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Declension of jṯꜣ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jṯꜣ
References
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- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 150.12–151.1
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 34
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 299.
