jakby
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
From jak + -by. First attested in the end of the fifteenth century.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
jakby
- as if, like
- 1901 [End of the fifteenth century], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 320:
- Proszyl Ihusa, bi szam oblycznye do nyego stąpyl, yakbi nye dowyerzal, bi pan Ihs mogl vszdrowycz szina gego nye stąpvyącz oblycznye do nyego (ac si non credidisset eum in absentia posse sanare)
- [Prosił Ihusa, by sam oblicznie do niego stąpił, jakby nie dowierzał, by pan Ihs mogł uzdrowić syna jego, nie stępując oblicznie do niego (ac si non credidisset eum in absentia posse sanare)]
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “jakby”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish jakby. By surface analysis, jak + -by. Compare Kashubian jakbë.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈjaɡ.bɨ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjaɡ.bɨ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aɡbɨ
- Syllabification: jak‧by
Conjunction edit
jakby
- introduces an unreal conditional; if
- as if, as though
- (obsolete) just to
- (Middle Polish) in order to, so that
- (Middle Polish) introduces a subordinate clause; that
- Synonym: że
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[2], page 479b:
- Velut, veluti adverbia similitudinis, Iákoby/ równie ták/ yáko.
- (Middle Polish) as, at the same time as; Further details are uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[3], page 338c:
- Quasi adver. similitudinis Iákoby/ Równie ták.
Declension edit
Combined forms of jakby
Particle edit
jakby
- kinda, like, as though
- as if, as though
- (Middle Polish) almost, nearly; approximately
- Synonyms: prawie, mniej więcej, niemal, około
- (Middle Polish) clarification particle; that is; namely; for example
- (Middle Polish) creates a conditional third person imperative; let, may
- Synonym: niechby
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[4], page 171b:
- Instar […] Ná ten xtałt, yákoby.
- 1579, A. Calagius, Synonyma Latina[5], page 248b:
- Gleich wie. Iáko. Niby. Iákoby. Ut, uti, sicut.
Derived terms edit
conjunction/particle
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jakby is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 7 times in essays, 143 times in fiction, and 89 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 258 times, making it the 203rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- jakby in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jakby in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jakby”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JAKBY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 28.07.2021
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jakby”, in Słownik języka polskiego[6]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jakby”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[7]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jakby”, in Słownik języka polskiego[8] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 127
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish jakby. By surface analysis, jak + -by.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
jakby
Declension edit
Combined forms of jakby
Further reading edit
- jakby in silling.org