kails
English edit
Noun edit
kails
Anagrams edit
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Baltic *kail-, from *koil-, the o-grade (plus an extra -l) of Proto-Indo-European *kei-, *skei- (“to cut, to divide, to separate”). For the meaning change, compare Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to skin, to flay”), δέρμα (dérma, “skin”), then from “skin” to “bare, naked.” Cognates include Lithuanian káilis (“skin”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
| (file) |
Adjective edit
kails (definite kailais, comparative kailāks, superlative viskailākais, adverb kaili)
- naked, nude, bare (without clothes on)
- kails bērns ― naked child
- kailas kājas ― bare feet
- izģērbties kailam ― to strip naked
- bald (without hair)
- kails galvvidus ― bald crown (of head)
- (about trees, bushes, plants) without leaves, without further growth (branches, twigs, bark)
- lapu koki kļuvuši kaili ― the leaf trees have become bald, leafless
- tur tad cauri ūdenim redzēja pelēku, kailu stumbru ― then there through the water they saw a gray, naked trunk
- without plants, without plant life, vegetation; without trees or plants nearby
- saules staros izdegusi kaila zeme ― earth burned naked by sun rays
- kailas ēkas ― naked buildings (without green areas)
- kaili mūri ― naked walls
- (about winter) without, or with little, snow
- kaila ziema ― bald (i.e., snowless) winter
- (about rooms, spaces) naked (without or with little furniture; without comfort)
- kaila grīda ― naked floor (not covered)
- vakarā pa krēslu viņa skatījās kailās, netīras istabas ― in the evening, (sitting) on the chair, she looked at the naked, dirty rooms
- (about places, areas) undeveloped
- viņiem taču te būs jāsāk kailā vietā ― but they will have to start (their carrers) here, in this naked place
- bare (by itself, without anything in addition to it)
- mēs esam spiestas pārtikt no kailās cietuma devas ― we are forced to live on bare prison food
- bald (without justification or evidence; inconclusive)
- kails apgalvojums ― bald (= unfounded) assertion
- naked (without explanation, without illustrative material)
- kaili fakti, skaitļi ― naked facts, figures
- naked (thinly disguised, or undisguised; easy to see or read)
- kails egoisms ― naked selfishness
- kaila nabadzība ― naked poverty
Declension edit
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of kails
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | kails | kaili | kaila | kailas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | kailu | kailus | kailu | kailas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | kaila | kailu | kailas | kailu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | kailam | kailiem | kailai | kailām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | kailu | kailiem | kailu | kailām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | kailā | kailos | kailā | kailās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kails”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Old Prussian edit
Alternative forms edit
- kailes, kayles
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káilas, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos.[1]
Adjective edit
kails
Derived terms edit
Interjection edit
Kails!
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ The template Template:R:prg:Mažiulis does not use the parameter(s):
entry=kails volume=II
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “kails”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian][1] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius, pages 71-73