kullua

Ingrian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Finnic *kuludak. Cognates include Finnish kulua and Estonian kuluda.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫːo̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫˑuɑ]
Rhymes: -uloː, -uluɑ
Hyphenation: kul‧lu‧a

Verb edit

kullua

(intransitive, of money) to get spent
(intransitive, of time) to go by
(intransitive, of clothes) to wear out

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of kullua (type 1/ampua, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kulun	en kulu	1st singular	oon kulunt, oon kulunut	en oo kulunt, en oo kulunut
2nd singular	kulut	et kulu	2nd singular	oot kulunt, oot kulunut	et oo kulunt, et oo kulunut
3rd singular	kulluu	ei kulu	3rd singular	ono kulunt, ono kulunut	ei oo kulunt, ei oo kulunut
1st plural	kulumma	emmä kulu	1st plural	oomma kuluneet	emmä oo kuluneet
2nd plural	kulutta	että kulu	2nd plural	ootta kuluneet	että oo kuluneet
3rd plural	kulluut¹⁾, kuluvat²⁾, kulutaa	evät kulu, ei kuluta	3rd plural	ovat kuluneet	evät oo kuluneet, ei oo kuluttu
impersonal	kulutaa	ei kuluta	impersonal	ono kuluttu	ei oo kuluttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kuluin	en kulunt, en kulunut	1st singular	olin kulunt, olin kulunut	en olt kulunt, en olt kulunut
2nd singular	kuluit	et kulunt, et kulunut	2nd singular	olit kulunt, olit kulunut	et olt kulunt, et olt kulunut
3rd singular	kului	ei kulunt, ei kulunut	3rd singular	oli kulunt, oli kulunut	ei olt kulunt, ei olt kulunut
1st plural	kuluimma	emmä kuluneet	1st plural	olimma kuluneet	emmä olleet kuluneet
2nd plural	kuluitta	että kuluneet	2nd plural	olitta kuluneet	että olleet kuluneet
3rd plural	kulluit¹⁾, kuluivat²⁾, kuluttii	evät kuluneet, ei kuluttu	3rd plural	olivat kuluneet	evät olleet kuluneet, ei olt kuluttu
impersonal	kuluttii	ei kuluttu	impersonal	oli kuluttu	ei olt kuluttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kuluisin	en kuluis	1st singular	olisin kulunt, olisin kulunut	en olis kulunt, en olis kulunut
2nd singular	kuluisit, kulluist¹⁾	et kuluis	2nd singular	olisit kulunt, olisit kulunut	et olis kulunt, et olis kulunut
3rd singular	kuluis	ei kuluis	3rd singular	olis kulunt, olis kulunut	ei olis kulunt, ei olis kulunut
1st plural	kuluisimma	emmä kuluis	1st plural	olisimma kuluneet	emmä olis kuluneet
2nd plural	kuluisitta	että kuluis	2nd plural	olisitta kuluneet	että olis kuluneet
3rd plural	kuluisiit¹⁾, kuluisivat²⁾, kuluttais	evät kuluis, ei kuluttais	3rd plural	olisivat kuluneet	evät olis kuluneet, ei olis kuluttu
impersonal	kuluttais	ei kuluttais	impersonal	olis kuluttu	ei olis kuluttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	kulu	elä kulu	2nd singular	oo kulunt, oo kulunut	elä oo kulunt, elä oo kulunut
3rd singular	kulukoo	elköö kuluko	3rd singular	olkoo kulunt, olkoo kulunut	elköö olko kulunt, elköö olko kulunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	kulukaa	elkää kuluko	2nd plural	olkaa kuluneet	elkää olko kuluneet
3rd plural	kulukoot	elkööt kuluko, elköö kuluttako	3rd plural	olkoot kuluneet	elkööt olko kuluneet, elköö olko kuluttu
impersonal	kuluttakkoo	elköö kuluttako	impersonal	olkoo kuluttu	elköö olko kuluttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	kulunen	en kulune
2nd singular	kulunet	et kulune
3rd singular	kulunoo	ei kulune
1st plural	kulunemma	emmä kulune
2nd plural	kulunetta	että kulune
3rd plural	kulunoot	evät kulune, ei kuluttane
impersonal	kuluttannoo	ei kuluttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		kullua	present	kuluva	kuluttava
2nd	inessive	kulujees	past	kulunt, kulunut	kuluttu
2nd	instructive	kulluen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kulukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	kulumaa
	inessive	kulumaas
	elative	kulumast
	abessive	kulumata
4th	nominative	kulumiin
	partitive	kulumista, kulumist

Derived terms edit

kulu

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫːo̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫˑuɑ]
Rhymes: -uloː, -uluɑ
Hyphenation: kul‧lu‧a

Noun edit

kullua

partitive singular of kulu

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫːo̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫˑuɑ]
Rhymes: -uloː, -uluɑ
Hyphenation: kul‧lu‧a

Noun edit

kullua

partitive singular of kulu

References edit

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 217

Votic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *kuludak.

Pronunciation edit

(Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈkuluɑ̯/, [ˈkuɫːuɑ̯]
Rhymes: -uluɑ̯
Hyphenation: kul‧lua

Verb edit

kullua

(intransitive) to wear out
Synonym: kulussõ
(intransitive) to be consumed or expended, run out
Synonym: kulussõ

Inflection edit

Conjugation of kullua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kulun	en kulu	1st singular	õõn kulunnu	en õõ kulunnu
2nd singular	kulud	ed kulu	2nd singular	õõd kulunnu	ed õõ kulunnu
3rd singular	kulub	eb kulu	3rd singular	on kulunnu	eb õõ kulunnu
1st plural	kulummõ	emmä kulu	1st plural	öõmmõ kulunnu	emmä õõ kulunnu
2nd plural	kuluttõ	että kulu	2nd plural	õõttõ kulunnu	että õõ kulunnu
3rd plural	kuluta	eväd kulu	3rd plural	õlla kuluttu	eväd õõ kuluttu
impersonal	kuluta	eväd kulu	impersonal	õlla kuluttu	eväd õõ kuluttu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kuluzin	en kulunnu	1st singular	õlin kulunnu	—
2nd singular	kuluzid	ed kulunnu	2nd singular	õlid kulunnu	—
3rd singular	kulu	eb kulunnu	3rd singular	õli kulunnu	—
1st plural	kuluzimmõ	emmä kulunnu	1st plural	õlimmõ kulunnu	—
2nd plural	kuluzittõ	että kulunnu	2nd plural	õlittõ kulunnu	—
3rd plural	kulutti	eväd kuluttu	3rd plural	õlti kuluttu	—
impersonal	kulutti	eväd kuluttu	impersonal	õlti kuluttu	—
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kuluizin	en kuluizʹ	1st singular	õllõizin kulunnu	en õllõizʹ kulunnu
2nd singular	kuluizid	ed kuluizʹ	2nd singular	õllõizid kulunnu	ed õllõizʹ kulunnu
3rd singular	kuluizʹ	eb kuluizʹ	3rd singular	õllõizʹ kulunnu	eb õllõizʹ kulunnu
1st plural	kuluizimmõ	emmä kuluizʹ	1st plural	õllõizimmõ kulunnu	emmä õllõizʹ kulunnu
2nd plural	kuluizittõ	että kuluizʹ	2nd plural	õllõizittõ kulunnu	että õllõizʹ kulunnu
3rd plural	kuluttaizʹ	eväd kuluttaizʹ	3rd plural	õltaizʹ kuluttu	eväd õltaizʹ kuluttu
impersonal	kuluttaizʹ	eväd kuluttaizʹ	impersonal	õltaizʹ kuluttu	eväd õltaizʹ kuluttu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	kulu	elä kulu
3rd singular	kulugo	elko kulugo
1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	kuluga	elka kuluga
3rd plural	kulugod	—
impersonal	—	—
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
1st		kullua	present	kulujõ¹⁾	—
2nd	illative	kuluma	past	kulunnu	kuluttu
	inessive	kulumõz	¹⁾ also used as the agent noun
	elative	kulumassõ
	abessive	kulumattõ

References edit

Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “kulua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn