kurls
Latvian edit
Alternative forms edit
- (dialectal form) kursls
Etymology edit
From a parallel form *kurt of the (old) verb kurst (“to be(come) pierced, hollow, torn”), derived with an extra -l (cf. also the dialectal form kursls, from kurst), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).
The semantic evolution was: “with holes, hollow” > “having ears with holes, mutilated ears” > “not hearing well” > “deaf”. Cognates include Lithuanian kur̃čias, dialectal kur̃las, kur̃tas, Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (ears, nose)”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬥𐬀 (karna), Northern Kurdish kerr.[1]
Pronunciation edit
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Adjective edit
kurls (definite kurlais, comparative kurlāks, superlative viskurlākais, no adverb)
- deaf (not capable of hearing sounds)
- kurlas meitenes ― deaf girls
- būt kurlam ar labo ausi ― to be deaf on the right ear
- viņa bija pilnīgi kurla, sen jau atradinājusies klausīties un mēģināt saprast, ko citi runāja ― she was completely deaf, she had long ago given up listening and trying to understand what others say
- ausis bija pilnīgi aizkritušas, viņš gāja kā kurls ― (his) ears were completely closed, he walked as if deaf
- ausis kurlas no lādiņu kaucieniem un detonācijām ― (his) ears (were) deaf from the howl and detonation of the (bomb)shells
- deaf (who does not want to listen; disobedient)
- būt kurlam pret labiem padomiem ― to be deaf to good advice
- Ieva bija un palika pret šiem svarīgiem krusttēva pierādījumiem kurla ― Ieva was and remained deaf to her uncle's important (pieces of) evidence
Usage notes edit
Level intonation is the standard intonation for the term kurls (“deaf”) according to Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca, pronunciation with a broken intonation is very common, however.
Declension edit
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | kurls | kurli | kurla | kurlas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | kurlu | kurlus | kurlu | kurlas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | kurla | kurlu | kurlas | kurlu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | kurlam | kurliem | kurlai | kurlām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | kurlu | kurliem | kurlu | kurlām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | kurlā | kurlos | kurlā | kurlās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kurls”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN