naaznil
Navajo
editEtymology
editna- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -nil (neuter perfective stem of root -NIL, “to handle several objects”).
Verb
editnaaznil
- they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of several, separable and visually countable objects)
Usage notes
editThis verb is limited to expression in the third person and refers to multiple groups of separable items. Also occurs with distributive da- as ndaaznil, referring to a greater plurality of groups.
For a single group, use the verb sinil.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective stem.
Conjugation
editParadigm: Neuter perfective (si), third person only.
PERFECTIVE | singular | plural | dist. plural |
---|---|---|---|
3rd person | (sinil) | naaznil | ndaaznil |
Derived terms
editSee also
editNavajo Classificatory Themes | Plural objects lie around (Handle stem) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | Examples | Handle | Propel | Moves | ||
SRO | generic | ∅-ʼĄ́ | ∅-NEʼ | l-TSʼID | naazʼą́ | |
SFO | rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate |
∅-LÁ | ł / ∅ -DÉÉL | naazlá | ||
FFO | sheet, paper | ł-TSOOZ | ∅-ʼAH | ∅-NAʼ | naastsooz | |
SSO | stick, pole | ∅-TĄ́ | ł-TʼEʼ | ∅-KĘ́Ę́Z | naaztą́ | |
AnO | animate, doll | ł-TĮ́ | ∅-GOʼ | ∅-TŁIZH | naaztį́ | |
NCM | wig, hay; fog | ł / ł / ∅ -JOOL | naazhjool | |||
MM | butter; frog | ∅-TŁÉÉʼ | ł-YĘ́Ę́ZH | naaztłééʼ | ||
LPB | load, burden | ∅-YĮ́ | naazyį́ | |||
PlO1 | severality | ∅-NIL | ni-∅ | -DEEʼ | naaznil | |
PlO2 | profusion | ∅-JAAʼ | ł-KAAD | ∅-KAAD | naazhjaaʼ | |
OC | severality/profusion in a container |
∅-KĄ́ | ł-DÁÁZ | naazką́ | ||
Flat | toppled wall, blanket, bushes |
— | — | — | naazkaad | |
Bulk | boulder | ł-ZHÓÓD | — | l-ZHÓÓD | naazhóód | |
Stream | liquid, sand, dust | ∅-ZIID | — | — | naaziid |
Navajo Positional Themes | Plural objects in position (Intrans. Neuter) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Position | Number of participants |
Intransitive | Transitive | Root | |||
Active | Neuter | Active | Neuter | ||||
LIE | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -TĮ́ | naaztį́ |
2 | -TÉÉZH | naazhtéézh | |||||
3+ | -JÉÉʼ | naazhjééʼ | |||||
SIT | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -DÁ | naazdá |
2 | -KÉ | naazké | |||||
3+ | dini-∅ | hí-(-TĄ́) | dini-ł | — | -BIN | naháaztą́ | |
STAND | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -ZĮʼ | naazį́ |