-NAʼ
edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *na (“to live, to move, to work”). Related to -NÁÁʼ (“to move”) and to -NÁÁD (“to last”). Maybe originating in several distinct roots.
Cognate root found in Ahtna ghetnaa (“he is working”), Chipewyan ɣɛna (“he is alive”), Carrier nelnaʼ (“to be slow, sluggish”).
Root edit
-NAʼ
1. to live
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hi + ∅ | adjectival |
S is alive
|
|||||
hi + ∅ |
S comes to life |
S brings O to life, generates O
|
2. to last, to endure (supplies)
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
di + ∅ | operative | S lasts |
3. to act slowly
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
di + l | motion? | S acts slowly
|
Stem set edit
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -naah | -naʼ | -naah | -naał | -naah |
DUR / CONT | -naʼ | -naʼ | -naah | -naał | -naʼ |
NEUT | -ná | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NAʼ (live)
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NAʼ (act slowly)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *nə̓q’ (“to swallow”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna itełnaʼ (“he swallowed it”).
Root edit
-NAʼ
- to swallow, to regurgitate, to choke
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O + ł | motion |
S swallows
|
|||||
ni + l | ? |
S chokes
|
Stem set edit
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DUR / CONT | -naʼ | -naʼ | -naah | -naał | -naʼ |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NAʼ (swallow)
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *nəɢ, with a wide semantic range including “a flat flexible object (as sheets) moves”, “to last, to endure, to become tired”.
Compare with -NAʼ above for the meaning "to last, to endure".
Cognate root found in Ahtna naghinak (“(a blanket) fell down”), łdaniniłnak (“it lasted a long time”), taatnak (“he is tired”).
Root edit
-NAʼ
1. FFO moves, falls (blanket, surface of water)
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∅ | motion |
FFO moves
|
|||||
∅ | successive |
FFO flaps, bounces
|
|||||
di + ł | ? |
S infects P |
|||||
ni + ł | motion? |
S lasts, runs out; S wilts, tires out |
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d | motion |
S crawls |
S stands O up |
Stem set edit
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -nééh | -naʼ | -nah | -nah | -nééh |
CONT | -nah | -naʼ | -nah | -nah | -nééh |
REP | -nah | - | - | - | - |
SEM | -nah | -nah | -nah | -nah | -nah |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms edit
to crawl, to creep:
to wilt:
to last, to endure:
- -NAʼ (live)
to run out, to exhaust: