pstk'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From unattested Old Persian *pistaka, probably from Proto-Iranian *pištakáh (“crushed”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pištás + *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-tó-s, from *peys- (“to grind, crush”).^[1]^[2] The name perhaps refers to the ease of crushing pistachios and the culinary value of crushed pistachios.

Noun

pstk' • (pistag)

(Book Pahlavi) pistachio nut

Descendants

taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian

Persian: پسته (peste)
- → Azerbaijani: püstə
- → Bengali: পেস্তা (pesta)
- → Georgian: ფისტა (pisṭa)
- → Gujarati: પિસ્તા (pistā)
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: पिस्ता (pistā)
  Urdu: پستہ (pistā)
- → Kazakh: пісте (pıste)
- → Khalaj: pistə
- → Marathi: पिस्ता (pistā)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پسته (piste)
- → Pashto: پسته (pistá)
- → Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਸਤਾ (pistā)
  Shahmukhi script: پستا (pistā)
- → Sindhi: پستو (pisto)
- → Tatar: пестә (pestä)
- → Uzbek: pista
→ Ancient Greek: πιστάκη (pistákē)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: πιστάκιον (pistákion) (see there for further descendants)
→ Arabic: فُسْتُق (fustuq)
- Maltese: fosdoq
- → Middle Armenian: ֆստուխ (fstux)
  - Armenian: ֆստըխ (fstəx), ֆըստըխ (fəstəx), ֆստխ (fstx), ֆստուղ (fstuġ), ֆստուխ (fstux), փստուղ (pʻstuġ), փստուխ (pʻstux)
- → Old Catalan: festuchs, festuch, festuc
  - Catalan: festuc
- → Spanish: alfóncigo, alfónsigo, alfóstiga
- → Middle French: festuce, festue
- → Old Occitan: festuc
  - →⇒ Old Occitan: fustet
    - Occitan: fustet
    - → Middle French: fustet, fustel, fustec, fustot
      - French: fustet, fustel, fustic, fustoc
        → English: fustet, fustic, fustoc
        → German: Fustet, Fustic, Fustetholz, Fusticholz, Fisetholz
        → Spanish: fustoc
    - → Piedmontese: fustot
- → Persian: فستق (fostoq, fostaq)
  - → Ottoman Turkish: فستق (fıstık)
    - Turkish: fıstık
    - → Albanian: fistik, fëstëk
    - → Belarusian: фісташка (fistaška) (influenced by French pistache)
    - → Bulgarian: фъстъ́к (fǎstǎ́k)
    - → Crimean Tatar: fıstıq
    - → English: fistichnut, fisticknut, fistinut
    - → Middle French: fistique
    - → Greek: φιστίκι (fistíki)
    - → Ladino: fustuk
    - → Macedonian: фастак (fastak), ф’стак (f’stak)
    - → Portuguese: fistico
    - → Romanian: fistic
    - → Russian: фиста́шка (fistáška)
      - → Armenian: ֆիստաշկա (fistaška)
      - → Bashkir: фисташка
      - → Georgian: ფისტაშკა (pisṭašḳa) (informal)
      - → Polish: fistaszek
      - → Yiddish: פֿיסטאַשקע (fistashke)
    - → Ukrainian: фіста́шка (fistáška) (influenced by French pistache)
- → Portuguese: alfóstico, alfóstigo, fóstico
- → Swahili: fistiki
→ Aramaic:
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פיסתקא (pistəqā), פסתקא (pistəqā)

Classical Syriac: ܦܘܣܬܩܐ (pustəqā), ܦܷܣܬܩܐ (pestəqā)
→ Old Armenian: պիստակ (pistak), պստակ (pstak)
- Armenian: պիստակ (pistak)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*paiš (> NWIR: > NP pistah)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 292-3
^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) “*paiš (> pistag)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 97