raffermir

French edit

Etymology edit

From re- +‎ affermir.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb edit

raffermir

(transitive) to strengthen

Conjugation edit

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of raffermir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	raffermir
present participle or gerund¹	simple	raffermissant /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		raffermi /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermit /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermissons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/	raffermissez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/	raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/
	imperfect	raffermissais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/	raffermissais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/	raffermissait /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/	raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/	raffermissaient /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/
	past historic²	raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermit /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermîmes /ʁa.fɛʁ.mim/	raffermîtes /ʁa.fɛʁ.mit/	raffermirent /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/
	future	raffermirai /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/	raffermiras /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/	raffermira /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/	raffermirons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/	raffermirez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/	raffermiront /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	raffermirais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	raffermirais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	raffermirait /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	raffermirions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/	raffermiriez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁje/	raffermiraient /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/	raffermisses /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/	raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/	raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/	raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/	raffermisses /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/	raffermît /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/	raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/	—	raffermissons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/	raffermissez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).