rhyddfreinio
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From rhyddfraint (“freedom, franchise, privilege”) + -io (verb-forming suffix).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rhyddfreinio (first-person singular present rhyddfreiniaf)
- to enfranchise (to grant a privilege or right)
- to emancipate, to manumit
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | rhyddfreiniaf | rhyddfreini | rhyddfreinia | rhyddfreiniwn | rhyddfreiniwch | rhyddfreiniant | rhyddfreinir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | rhyddfreiniwn | rhyddfreinit | rhyddfreiniai | rhyddfreiniem | rhyddfreiniech | rhyddfreinient | rhyddfreinid | |
| preterite | rhyddfreiniais | rhyddfreiniaist | rhyddfreiniodd | rhyddfreiniasom | rhyddfreiniasoch | rhyddfreiniasant | rhyddfreiniwyd | |
| pluperfect | rhyddfreiniaswn | rhyddfreiniasit | rhyddfreiniasai | rhyddfreiniasem | rhyddfreiniasech | rhyddfreiniasent | rhyddfreiniasid, rhyddfreiniesid | |
| present subjunctive | rhyddfreiniwyf | rhyddfreiniech | rhyddfreinio | rhyddfreiniom | rhyddfreinioch | rhyddfreiniont | rhyddfreinier | |
| imperative | — | rhyddfreinia | rhyddfreinied | rhyddfreiniwn | rhyddfreiniwch | rhyddfreinient | rhyddfreinier | |
| verbal noun | rhyddfreinio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | rhyddfreiniedig rhyddfreiniadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | rhyddfreinia i, rhyddfreiniaf i | rhyddfreini di | rhyddfreinith o/e/hi, rhyddfreiniff e/hi | rhyddfreiniwn ni | rhyddfreiniwch chi | rhyddfreinian nhw |
| conditional | rhyddfreiniwn i, rhyddfreinswn i | rhyddfreiniet ti, rhyddfreinset ti | rhyddfreiniai fo/fe/hi, rhyddfreinsai fo/fe/hi | rhyddfreinien ni, rhyddfreinsen ni | rhyddfreiniech chi, rhyddfreinsech chi | rhyddfreinien nhw, rhyddfreinsen nhw |
| preterite | rhyddfreiniais i, rhyddfreinies i | rhyddfreiniaist ti, rhyddfreiniest ti | rhyddfreiniodd o/e/hi | rhyddfreinion ni | rhyddfreinioch chi | rhyddfreinion nhw |
| imperative | — | rhyddfreinia | — | — | rhyddfreiniwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms edit
- rhyddfreiniad (“enfranchisement; emancipation”)
Related terms edit
- rhyddfraint (“freedom, franchise, privilege”)
- rhyddfreiniwr (“freeman”)
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| rhyddfreinio | ryddfreinio | unchanged | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhyddfreinio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies