rynek
Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech rynek, from Middle High German rinc (“town square”), originally “ring”,[1] from Old High German ring. Doublet of ring (“boxing ring”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rynek m inan
- (dated) square, an open space in a town [from 14th c.]
- Synonym: náměstí
- 1877, Jakub Malý, “Kopidlno”, in Vlastenský slovník historický[2], Praha: Rohlíček & Sievers, pages 371–372:
- Roku 1506 v sobotu po sv. Václavě sťat jest na rynku Starého města Pražského mladý 24letý zeman Jan Kopidlanský, jenžto zabil jiného zemana Cukra z Tamfeldu.
- In 1506, on Saturday after the Saint Wenceslas day, young yeoman Jan Kopidlanský, who had killed another yeoman Cukr of Tamfeld, was executed on the square of the Old Town of Prague.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “ryn(e)k”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 608
Further reading edit
Old Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Middle High German rinc (“town square”), originally “ring”,[1] from Old High German ring.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rynek m inan
- market, square (open area in the center of a town housing a public market)
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- atrium (interior of the house, especially without a roof)
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rynek | rynky | rynci, rynkové |
genitive | rynka, rynku | rynkú | rynkóv |
dative | rynku | rynkoma | rynkóm |
accusative | rynek | rynky | rynky |
vocative | rynče | rynky | rynci, rynkové |
locative | ryncě, rynku | rynkú | rynciech |
instrumental | rynkem | rynkoma | rynky |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: rynek
References edit
- ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “ryn(e)k”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 608
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rynek”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Middle High German rinc, from Old High German ring. First attested in 1400.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rynek m ? (related adjective rynkowy)
- market, square (open area in the center of a town housing a public market)
- 1888 [1400], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV[3], page 79:
- Cso Potrasz Potraszowi dal rani, to mu ye dal, eze gi potkaw na rinku y dal mu naprzod rani
- [Czso Piotrasz Piotraszowi dał rany, to mu je dał, eże ji potkaw na rynku i dał mu naprzód rany]
- corruption
- 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[4], 10, 12:
- Vdzala... Chale y *rinek* myedzi Nynywen a Chale (aedificavit... Chale, Resen quoque inter Niniven et Chale)
- [Udziała... Chale i *Rynek* miedzy Niniwen a Chale (aedificavit... Chale, Resen quoque inter Niniven et Chale)]
Descendants edit
References edit
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “rynek”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “rynek”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “rynek 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “rynek”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish rynek. Doublet of ranga and ring.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rynek m inan (diminutive ryneczek, related adjective rynkowy)
- market, marketplace (city square or other fairly spacious site where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise)
- (colloquial) marketplace (open area hosting a public market)
- Synonym: targowisko
- (economics, trading) market (formally organized system of trading in specified goods or effects)
- (economics, trading, colloquial) market (group of people dealing in trade)
- (obsolete) area (place designated for particular activities)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Belarusian: ры́нак (rýnak)
- → Kashubian: rënk
- → Russian: ры́нок (rýnok)
- → Ukrainian: ри́нок (rýnok)
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rynek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 16 times in news, 33 times in essays, 4 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 66 times, making it the 996th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- rynek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- rynek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rynek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “RYNEK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 03.03.2009
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rynek”, in Słownik języka polskiego[5]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rynek”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[6]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rynek”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7] (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 794
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “rynek 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish rynek.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rynek m inan (diminutive ryneczek)
- (trading) market, marketplace (open area in a town housing a public market)
- (trading) market (formally organized system of trading in specified goods or effects)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- rynek in silling.org
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “rynek”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 130