traire

See also: Traire and trairé

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French traire, treire (“to pull”), from Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Latin trahere (“to pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁɛʁ/
• Rhymes: -ɛʁ

• audio

  (file)

Verb

traire

1. (transitive) to milk (a cow, etc)

Conjugation

This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -tray- root: *je trayis, *que nous trayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -trais- was used instead of -tray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.

Conjugation of traire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	traire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	trayant /tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /tʁe.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		trait /tʁɛ/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	trais /tʁɛ/	trais /tʁɛ/	trait /tʁɛ/	trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/	trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/	traient /tʁɛ/
	imperfect	trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/	trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/	trayait /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/	trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/	trayiez /tʁɛj.je/	trayaient /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/
	past historic2	trayai /tʁɛe/	trayas /tʁɛa/	traya /tʁɛa/	trayâmes /tʁɛam/	trayâtes /tʁɛat/	trayèrent /tʁɛɛʁ/
	future	trairai /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/	trairas /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/	traira /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/	trairons /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/	trairez /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/	trairont /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/	trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/	trairait /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/	trairions /tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁjɔ̃/	trairiez /tʁɛ.ʁje/ or /tʁe.ʁje/	trairaient /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	traie /tʁɛ/	traies /tʁɛ/	traie /tʁɛ/	trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/	trayiez /tʁɛj.je/	traient /tʁɛ/
	imperfect2	trayasse /tʁɛas/	trayasses /tʁɛas/	trayât /tʁɛa/	trayassions /tʁɛa.sjɔ̃/	trayassiez /tʁɛa.sje/	trayassent /tʁɛas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	trais /tʁɛ/	—	trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/	trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• trait
• traiter
• tracer
• traîner
• traille
• tracteur
• traction

Further reading

• “traire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• errait, retira, terrai, tirera, triera

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French traire.

Verb

traire

1. to fire (an arrow)
   • c. 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:

     arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel

     [the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle

Descendants

• French: traire

Norman

Etymology

From Old French traire, from Early Medieval Latin tragō Latin trahō (“I pull”).

Verb

traire

1. to pull
2. to milk

Conjugation

    Conjugation of the verb « traire » in Norman

infinitive			traire
gerund			trayant
auxiliary			aveir1
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		trait		traite
		plural		traits		traites
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		je (j')	tu (t')	il, alle, nos	je (nos)	vos	il, alles
	present	trais	trais	trait	trayoms	trayez	traient
	imperfect	trayeis	trayeis	trayeit	trayioms	trayiez	trayeient
	preterite	trayis	trayis	trayit	trayîmes	trayîtes	trayîtrent
	future	trairai	trairas	traira	trairoms	trairez	trairont
	conditional	traireis	traireis	traireit	trairioms	trairiez	traireient
subjunctive		que je (j')	que te (t')	qu'il, qu'alle, que nos	que je (que nos)	que vos	qu'il, qu'alles
	present	traie	traies	traie	trayioms	trayiez	traient
	imperfect	trayisse	trayisses	trayît trayisse	trayissioms	trayissiez	trayissent
imperative		—	tu	—	je (nos)	vos	—
			trais		trayoms	trayez
1Used with past participles.

Related terms

• attraire
• estraire
• soutraire

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan traire, from Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Latin trahere (“to drag, extract, trail”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaj.ɾe/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

traire

1. to pull, drag

Old French

Alternative forms

• treire, trere

Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).

Verb

traire

1. to pull
2. (chiefly of a weapon) to draw; to unsheathe
3. to pull out (extract by pulling); to remove (by pulling)
   • c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 164, line 1980:

     Un anel d'or trait de sun dei

     she removed a gold ring from her finger

   • c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:

     A plusurs fist traire les denz

     For many, he pulled out their teeth

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of traire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		traire			avoir trait
gerund		en traiant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		traiant
past participle		trait
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	trai	trais	trait	traions	traiiez, traites	traient
	imperfect	traioie, traieie	traioies, traieies	traioit, traieit	traiiiens, traiiens	traiiiez, traiiez	traioient, traieient
	preterite	trais	traisis	traist	traisimes	traisistes	traistrent
	future	trairai	trairas	traira	trairons	trairoiz, traireiz, trairez	trairont
	conditional	trairoie, traireie	trairoies, traireies	trairoit, traireit	trairiiens, trairiens	trairiiez, trairiez	trairoient, traireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	traie	traies	traie	traiiens, traions	traiiez	traient
	imperfect	traisisse	traisisses	traisist	traisissons, traisissiens	traisissoiz, traisissez, traisissiez	traisissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	trai	—	traions	traiiez	—

Related terms

• atraire
• estraire
• retraire

Descendants

• Middle French: traire
  • French: traire
• Norman: traithe, traire

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).

Verb

traire

1. to pull

Related terms

• atraire
• estraire
• retraire

Descendants

• Occitan: traire

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “trahere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 177