twardy
Lower Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Cognate with Upper Sorbian twjerdy.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
twardy (comparative twarźejšy, superlative nejtwarźejšy, adverb twardo or twarźe)
- hard (resistant to pressure)
Declension edit
Declension of twardy
| Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | twardy | twarda | twarde | twardej | twarde |
| Genitive | twardego | twardeje | twardego | twardeju | twardych |
| Dative | twardemu | twardej | twardemu | twardyma | twardym |
| Accusative | twardy twardego (animate) |
twardu | twarde | twardej twardeju (animate) |
twarde twardych (optional animate form) |
| Instrumental | twardym | twardeju | twardym | twardyma | twardymi |
| Locative | twardem | twardej | twardem | twardyma | twardych |
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- twarda plata (“hard drive”)
Further reading edit
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “twardy”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “twardy”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish twardy, from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Doublet of kwarc and kwarzec.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
twardy (comparative twardszy, superlative najtwardszy, derived adverb twardo)
- hard
- Antonym: miękki
- Diamenty są bardzo twarde. ― Diamonds are very hard.
- Moje łóżko jest bardzo twarde. ― My bed is very hard.
- Boli mnie ząb, więc nie mogę jeść twardego jedzenia. ― I have a toothache so I can't eat tough food.
- Ten stek jest twardy. ― This steak is tough.
- (of water) hard (high in dissolved calcium compounds)
- tough
- Nie bądź dla niej taki twardy. ― Don't be so tough with her.
- Nie uważasz, że jesteś dla niego zbyt twardy? ― Don't you think you are too hard on him?
- firm
- Wolę spać na twardym materacu. ― I prefer sleeping on a firm mattress.
- stiff, rigid
- Muszę kupić twardy pędzel. ― I have to buy a stiff brush.
Declension edit
Declension of twardy (hard)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
| nominative | twardy | twarda | twarde | twardzi | twarde | |
| genitive | twardego | twardej | twardego | twardych | ||
| dative | twardemu | twardej | twardemu | twardym | ||
| accusative | twardego | twardy | twardą | twarde | twardych | twarde |
| instrumental | twardym | twardą | twardym | twardymi | ||
| locative | twardym | twardej | twardym | twardych | ||
Derived terms edit
noun
Related terms edit
adjective
nouns
verbs