viha
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun edit
viha (genitive viha, partitive viha)
Inflection edit
Declension of viha (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | viha | vihad | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | viha | ||
genitive | vihade | ||
partitive | viha | vihasid | |
illative | vihha vihasse |
vihadesse | |
inessive | vihas | vihades | |
elative | vihast | vihadest | |
allative | vihale | vihadele | |
adessive | vihal | vihadel | |
ablative | vihalt | vihadelt | |
translative | vihaks | vihadeks | |
terminative | vihani | vihadeni | |
essive | vihana | vihadena | |
abessive | vihata | vihadeta | |
comitative | vihaga | vihadega |
Derived terms edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha, from earlier *wiša, from an Indo-Iranian language (cf. Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwiša). Cognates within Uralic include Estonian viha, Northern Sami vašši, Udmurt вож (vož, “hate”) and Komi-Zyrian веж (vež, “envy”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
viha
- anger, fury, rage, wrath, ire
- hate, hatred, hostility, ire
- (obsolete) war (period of military hostilities or occupation; present in a small number of non-obsolete historical terms, e.g. isoviha, vanha viha, pikkuviha)
Declension edit
Inflection of viha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | viha | vihat | ||
genitive | vihan | vihojen | ||
partitive | vihaa | vihoja | ||
illative | vihaan | vihoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | viha | vihat | ||
accusative | nom. | viha | vihat | |
gen. | vihan | |||
genitive | vihan | vihojen vihainrare | ||
partitive | vihaa | vihoja | ||
inessive | vihassa | vihoissa | ||
elative | vihasta | vihoista | ||
illative | vihaan | vihoihin | ||
adessive | vihalla | vihoilla | ||
ablative | vihalta | vihoilta | ||
allative | vihalle | vihoille | ||
essive | vihana | vihoina | ||
translative | vihaksi | vihoiksi | ||
abessive | vihatta | vihoitta | ||
instructive | — | vihoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
adjectives
nouns
verbs
compounds
References edit
- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- “viha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha. Cognates include Finnish viha and Estonian viha.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑ]
- Rhymes: -ihɑ
- Hyphenation: vi‧ha
Noun edit
viha
Declension edit
Declension of viha (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | viha | vihat |
genitive | vihan | vihhoin |
partitive | vihhaa | vihoja |
illative | vihhaa | vihhoi |
inessive | vihas | vihois |
elative | vihast | vihoist |
allative | vihalle | vihoille |
adessive | vihal | vihoil |
ablative | vihalt | vihoilt |
translative | vihaks | vihoiks |
essive | vihanna, vihhaan | vihoinna, vihhoin |
exessive1) | vihant | vihoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 664
Karelian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun edit
viha
Ludian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun edit
viha
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun edit
viha
Inflection edit
Inflection of viha (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | viha | ||
genitive sing. | vihan | ||
partitive sing. | vihad | ||
partitive plur. | vihoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | viha | vihad | |
accusative | vihan | vihad | |
genitive | vihan | vihoiden | |
partitive | vihad | vihoid | |
essive-instructive | vihan | vihoin | |
translative | vihaks | vihoikš | |
inessive | vihas | vihoiš | |
elative | vihaspäi | vihoišpäi | |
illative | vihaze | vihoiže | |
adessive | vihal | vihoil | |
ablative | vihalpäi | vihoilpäi | |
allative | vihale | vihoile | |
abessive | vihata | vihoita | |
comitative | vihanke | vihoidenke | |
prolative | vihadme | vihoidme | |
approximative I | vihanno | vihoidenno | |
approximative II | vihannoks | vihoidennoks | |
egressive | vihannopäi | vihoidennopäi | |
terminative I | vihazesai | vihoižesai | |
terminative II | vihalesai | vihoilesai | |
terminative III | vihassai | — | |
additive I | vihazepäi | vihoižepäi | |
additive II | vihalepäi | vihoilepäi |
References edit
Võro edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun edit
viha (genitive viha, partitive vihha)
Inflection edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Votic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha (“anger, hatred”).
Noun edit
viha
Inflection edit
Declension of viha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | viha | vihad |
genitive | viha | vihojõ, vihoi |
partitive | vihha | vihoitõ, vihoi |
illative | vihhasõ, vihha | vihoisõ |
inessive | vihaz | vihoiz |
elative | vihassõ | vihoissõ |
allative | vihalõ | vihoilõ |
adessive | vihallõ | vihoillõ |
ablative | vihaltõ | vihoiltõ |
translative | vihassi | vihoissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *viha (“poison”).
Adjective edit
viha
Inflection edit
Declension of viha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | viha | vihad |
genitive | viha | vihojõ, vihoi |
partitive | vihha | vihoitõ, vihoi |
illative | vihhasõ, vihha | vihoisõ |
inessive | vihaz | vihoiz |
elative | vihassõ | vihoissõ |
allative | vihalõ | vihoilõ |
adessive | vihallõ | vihoillõ |
ablative | vihaltõ | vihoiltõ |
translative | vihassi | vihoissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References edit
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn