-ig
Danish edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived terms edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch -ich, from Old Dutch -ag, -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-agaz, *-īgaz, *-ugaz, each a variant of a common suffix *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
- -ed, having (when attached to a noun preceded by an adjective that describes the noun)
Inflection edit
Declension of -ig | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | -ig | |||
inflected | -ige | |||
comparative | -iger | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | -ig | -iger | het -igst het -igste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | -ige | -igere | -igste |
n. sing. | -ig | -iger | -igste | |
plural | -ige | -igere | -igste | |
definite | -ige | -igere | -igste | |
partitive | -igs | -igers | — |
Derived terms edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ɪç/ (Germany; less common in southern regiolects)
- IPA(key): /ɪk/, /ɪɡ̊/, /iɡ̊/ (most common form in southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland)
- IPA(key): /ɪɕ/, /ɪʃ/ (all central German dialects)
Audio: (file)
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
- forms adjectives from verbs
- forms adjectives from adverbs
Declension edit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist -ig | sie ist -ig | es ist -ig | sie sind -ig | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | -iger | -ige | -iges | -ige |
genitive | -igen | -iger | -igen | -iger | |
dative | -igem | -iger | -igem | -igen | |
accusative | -igen | -ige | -iges | -ige | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der -ige | die -ige | das -ige | die -igen |
genitive | des -igen | der -igen | des -igen | der -igen | |
dative | dem -igen | der -igen | dem -igen | den -igen | |
accusative | den -igen | die -ige | das -ige | die -igen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein -iger | eine -ige | ein -iges | (keine) -igen |
genitive | eines -igen | einer -igen | eines -igen | (keiner) -igen | |
dative | einem -igen | einer -igen | einem -igen | (keinen) -igen | |
accusative | einen -igen | eine -ige | ein -iges | (keine) -igen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist -iger | sie ist -iger | es ist -iger | sie sind -iger | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | -igerer | -igere | -igeres | -igere |
genitive | -igeren | -igerer | -igeren | -igerer | |
dative | -igerem | -igerer | -igerem | -igeren | |
accusative | -igeren | -igere | -igeres | -igere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der -igere | die -igere | das -igere | die -igeren |
genitive | des -igeren | der -igeren | des -igeren | der -igeren | |
dative | dem -igeren | der -igeren | dem -igeren | den -igeren | |
accusative | den -igeren | die -igere | das -igere | die -igeren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein -igerer | eine -igere | ein -igeres | (keine) -igeren |
genitive | eines -igeren | einer -igeren | eines -igeren | (keiner) -igeren | |
dative | einem -igeren | einer -igeren | einem -igeren | (keinen) -igeren | |
accusative | einen -igeren | eine -igere | ein -igeres | (keine) -igeren |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist am -igsten | sie ist am -igsten | es ist am -igsten | sie sind am -igsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | -igster | -igste | -igstes | -igste |
genitive | -igsten | -igster | -igsten | -igster | |
dative | -igstem | -igster | -igstem | -igsten | |
accusative | -igsten | -igste | -igstes | -igste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der -igste | die -igste | das -igste | die -igsten |
genitive | des -igsten | der -igsten | des -igsten | der -igsten | |
dative | dem -igsten | der -igsten | dem -igsten | den -igsten | |
accusative | den -igsten | die -igste | das -igste | die -igsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein -igster | eine -igste | ein -igstes | (keine) -igsten |
genitive | eines -igsten | einer -igsten | eines -igsten | (keiner) -igsten | |
dative | einem -igsten | einer -igsten | einem -igsten | (keinen) -igsten | |
accusative | einen -igsten | eine -igste | ein -igstes | (keine) -igsten |
Note: There are also contracted forms like -'ger.
Suffix edit
-ig
- (Switzerland, colloquial) variation of -ung
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig (terminative case suffix)
- (of place) to, up to
- Az állomásig busszal mentünk, de onnan hazáig már gyalog. ― We traveled by bus to the station but from there to home we walked.
- (of time) until, till
- Ötig dolgozom. ― I work until five o'clock.
- for a specified length of time
- A levél olyan hosszú volt, hogy tíz percig olvastam. ― The letter was so long that I was reading it for 10 minutes.
Usage notes edit
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
- It has no harmonic variants. It is used by both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
- The above two senses may be ambiguous when hour or o'clock is mentioned, as in this sentence:
- Két óráig maradunk. ― We'll stay for two hours OR We'll stay until 2 o'clock.
- To avoid this ambiguity, the accusative case may be employed when referring to the duration (Két órát maradunk), and the sentence may be rephrased when referring to the end point (Két óra múlva indulunk – We're leaving in two hours.)
- (until): With pointlike events or places the meaning is usually clear. However, it is ambiguous when the given event itself lasts for some time or the given object is such that it matters whether it is included, excluded or partially included.
- Szerdáig van időd. ― You have time until Wednesday.
- With exclusion: on Wednesday 00:01 A.M. you are already late (rare, one would probably say keddig; until Tuesday)
- With partial inclusion: the border line is somewhere during the day (most likely)
- With full inclusion: you have the full Wednesday (also possible)
- Szerdáig van időd. ― You have time until Wednesday.
See also edit
Middle English edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- Alternative form of -y
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From -ugr, Old Norse -igr (“-y”), from *-ugaz, Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y”), from *-gaz (“-y”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos (“-y”). Certain words also from Low German -ig (“-y”) or German -ig (“-y”), from Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz (“-y”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (“-y”).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived terms edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “inherited from Old Norse or derived from Middle Low German loanwords?”)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Ojibwe edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- A suffix denoting the third person singular to first- or second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)
Old English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *-ag, -ig. Still distinct in the earliest texts.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-iġ
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- (diminutive suffix).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig or -iġ
- Suffix creating diminutive nouns from other nouns.
Descendants edit
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from i-stem nouns and verbs
Related terms edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- slender form of -aig
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse -agr, -igr, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Cognate with English -y. Compare Old English -ig.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs
- -ed (when attached to a compound of an adjective and a noun or verb it describes)
- Han är rödhårig
- He is red-haired
Usage notes edit
- Often pronounced without the final 'g' (/ɪ/).
- In (sense 2), "Han är rödhårad" reads like "He is red-hair'ed," as if someone has done "red hair" to him. The same reading is possible in English, but natural in Swedish.
Declension edit
Inflection of -ig | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | -ig | -igare | -igast |
Neuter singular | -igt | -igare | -igast |
Plural | -iga | -igare | -igast |
Masculine plural3 | -ige | -igare | -igast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | -ige | -igare | -igaste |
All | -iga | -igare | -igaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Derived terms edit
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Cornish -ik, Breton -ig, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Latin -icus.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ig
- diminutive suffix, -let
- person or object with characteristics of the root word
- forms adjectives from nouns, -y
- (chemistry) -ic, Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -us. For example asid nitrig (“nitric acid, HNO3”) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than asid nitrus (“nitrous acid, HNO2”).
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
-edig (“forms adjectives from verbs”)
References edit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 153 i 9
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ig”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Danish lemmas
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- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
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- cy:Chemistry