chocar

Galician

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic, from *clocca, voice of a brood hen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ʃoˈkaɾ]

Verb

chocar (first-person singular present choco, first-person singular preterite choquei, past participle chocado)

1. to brood
2. to incubate (a sickness)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chocar
Personal	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocaren
Gerund
	chocando
Past participle
Masculine	chocado			chocados
Feminine	chocada			chocadas
Indicative
Present	choco	chocas	choca	chocamos	chocades	chocan
Imperfect	chocaba	chocabas	chocaba	chocabamos	chocabades	chocaban
Preterite	choquei	chocaches	chocou	chocamos	chocastes	chocaron
Pluperfect	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocaramos	chocarades	chocaran
Future	chocarei	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocaredes	chocarán
Conditional	chocaría	chocarías	chocaría	chocariamos	chocariades	chocarían
Subjunctive
Present	choque	choques	choque	choquemos	choquedes	choquen
Imperfect	chocase	chocases	chocase	chocásemos	chocásedes	chocasen
Future	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocaren
Imperative
Affirmative		choca	choque	choquemos	chocade	choquen
Negative (non)		non choques	non choque	non choquemos	non choquedes	non choquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chocar
Personal	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Gerund
	chocando
Past participle
Masculine	chocado			chocados
Feminine	chocada			chocadas
Indicative
Present	choco	chocas	choca	chocamos	chocades, chocais	chocam
Imperfect	chocava	chocavas	chocava	chocávamos	chocávades, chocáveis, chocávais1	chocavam
Preterite	choquei	chocaste, chocache1	chocou	chocamos	chocastes	chocárom, chocaram
Pluperfect	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocáramos	chocárades, chocáreis, chocárais1	chocaram
Future	chocarei	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocaredes, chocareis	chocarám, chocarão
Conditional	chocaria	chocarias	chocaria	chocaríamos	chocaríades, chocaríeis, chocaríais1	chocariam
Subjunctive
Present	choque	choques	choque	choquemos	choquedes, choqueis	choquem
Imperfect	chocasse	chocasses	chocasse	chocássemos	chocássedes, chocásseis	chocassem
Future	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Imperative
Affirmative		choca	choque	choquemos	chocade, chocai	choquem
Negative (nom)		nom choques	nom choque	nom choquemos	nom choquedes, nom choqueis	nom choquem

¹Less recommended.

Etymology 2

From choque (“crash”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ʃoˈkaɾ]

Verb

chocar (first-person singular present choco, first-person singular preterite choquei, past participle chocado)

1. to crash

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chocar
Personal	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocaren
Gerund
	chocando
Past participle
Masculine	chocado			chocados
Feminine	chocada			chocadas
Indicative
Present	choco	chocas	choca	chocamos	chocades	chocan
Imperfect	chocaba	chocabas	chocaba	chocabamos	chocabades	chocaban
Preterite	choquei	chocaches	chocou	chocamos	chocastes	chocaron
Pluperfect	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocaramos	chocarades	chocaran
Future	chocarei	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocaredes	chocarán
Conditional	chocaría	chocarías	chocaría	chocariamos	chocariades	chocarían
Subjunctive
Present	choque	choques	choque	choquemos	choquedes	choquen
Imperfect	chocase	chocases	chocase	chocásemos	chocásedes	chocasen
Future	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocaren
Imperative
Affirmative		choca	choque	choquemos	chocade	choquen
Negative (non)		non choques	non choque	non choquemos	non choquedes	non choquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chocar
Personal	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Gerund
	chocando
Past participle
Masculine	chocado			chocados
Feminine	chocada			chocadas
Indicative
Present	choco	chocas	choca	chocamos	chocades, chocais	chocam
Imperfect	chocava	chocavas	chocava	chocávamos	chocávades, chocáveis, chocávais1	chocavam
Preterite	choquei	chocaste, chocache1	chocou	chocamos	chocastes	chocárom, chocaram
Pluperfect	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocáramos	chocárades, chocáreis, chocárais1	chocaram
Future	chocarei	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocaredes, chocareis	chocarám, chocarão
Conditional	chocaria	chocarias	chocaria	chocaríamos	chocaríades, chocaríeis, chocaríais1	chocariam
Subjunctive
Present	choque	choques	choque	choquemos	choquedes, choqueis	choquem
Imperfect	chocasse	chocasses	chocasse	chocássemos	chocássedes, chocásseis	chocassem
Future	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Imperative
Affirmative		choca	choque	choquemos	chocade, chocai	choquem
Negative (nom)		nom choques	nom choque	nom choquemos	nom choquedes, nom choqueis	nom choquem

¹Less recommended.

References

• Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “chocar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• “chocar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “chocar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
• “chocar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “chocar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “chocar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈka(ʁ)/ [ʃoˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈka(ʁ)/ [ʃoˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈka(ʁ)/ [ʃoˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈkaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃuˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈka.ɾi/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cloccāre, from Latin glocīre, glociāre (“to cluck”).

Verb

chocar (first-person singular present choco, first-person singular preterite choquei, past participle chocado)

1. (transitive) to brood (to keep an egg warm until it hatches)
2. (of an egg, intransitive) to hatch (to break open when a young animal emerges from it)
3. (of a creature, intransitive) to hatch (to emerge from its egg)
4. (figurative, transitive) to hatch (to ponder an idea slowly and deliberately)
5. (slang, intransitive) to linger (to spend a long time not moving or doing anything)
6. (informal, of a drink, intransitive) to become foul due to heat

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chocar
Personal	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Gerund
	chocando
Past participle
Masculine	chocado			chocados
Feminine	chocada			chocadas
Indicative
Present	choco	chocas	choca	chocamos	chocais	chocam
Imperfect	chocava	chocavas	chocava	chocávamos	chocáveis	chocavam
Preterite	choquei	chocaste	chocou	chocamos1, chocámos2	chocastes	chocaram
Pluperfect	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocáramos	chocáreis	chocaram
Future	chocarei	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocareis	chocarão
Conditional	chocaria	chocarias	chocaria	chocaríamos	chocaríeis	chocariam
Subjunctive
Present	choque	choques	choque	choquemos	choqueis	choquem
Imperfect	chocasse	chocasses	chocasse	chocássemos	chocásseis	chocassem
Future	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Imperative
Affirmative		choca	choque	choquemos	chocai	choquem
Negative (não)		não choques	não choque	não choquemos	não choqueis	não choquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Etymology 2

From choque +‎ -ar.

Verb

chocar (first-person singular present choco, first-person singular preterite choquei, past participle chocado)

1. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to collide (to hit one another violently)

   As aeronaves se chocaram logo depois de decolarem.

   The aircraft collided soon after they took off.

2. (usually takes a reflexive pronoun, transitive with em or contra or com) to collide with; to crash against (to hit violently)

   Só um esquiador na história conseguiu descer esta ladeira sem se chocar em nenhuma árvore.

   Only one skier in history was able to go down this hill without hitting any tree.

3. (transitive) to shock (to evoke a very negative emotional response)

   Os vídeos de decapitação do Estado Islâmico chocaram o mundo.

   The Islamic State’s decapitation videos shocked the world.

4. (takes a reflexive pronoun, transitive with com) to clash with (not to work well together with)

   Os imigrantes serão bem aceitos porque seus valores não se chocam com os nossos.

   The immigrants will be accepted because their values do not clash with ours.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chocar
Personal	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Gerund
	chocando
Past participle
Masculine	chocado			chocados
Feminine	chocada			chocadas
Indicative
Present	choco	chocas	choca	chocamos	chocais	chocam
Imperfect	chocava	chocavas	chocava	chocávamos	chocáveis	chocavam
Preterite	choquei	chocaste	chocou	chocamos1, chocámos2	chocastes	chocaram
Pluperfect	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocáramos	chocáreis	chocaram
Future	chocarei	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocareis	chocarão
Conditional	chocaria	chocarias	chocaria	chocaríamos	chocaríeis	chocariam
Subjunctive
Present	choque	choques	choque	choquemos	choqueis	choquem
Imperfect	chocasse	chocasses	chocasse	chocássemos	chocásseis	chocassem
Future	chocar	chocares	chocar	chocarmos	chocardes	chocarem
Imperative
Affirmative		choca	choque	choquemos	chocai	choquem
Negative (não)		não choques	não choque	não choquemos	não choqueis	não choquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Synonyms

• (to collide with one another): bater
• (to collide with): bater em/contra, atingir
• (to clash with): conflitar com

Spanish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic, or from French choquer. Compare English shock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃoˈkaɾ/ [t͡ʃoˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cho‧car

Verb

chocar (first-person singular present choco, first-person singular preterite choqué, past participle chocado)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to crash

   Synonym: estrellar

2. (intransitive) to bump into, to collide with (+ con)
3. (intransitive) to shock, scandalize
4. (intransitive) to crash into, to hit, to slam into, to collide with (+ contra)
5. (intransitive) to annoy, to bother, to upset

Usage notes

• Chocar is a false friend, and does not mean "to choke". The word for "to choke", in the sense of "to choke someone", in Spanish is ahorcar, asfixiar or estrangular.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			chocar
gerund			chocando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		chocado		chocada
		plural		chocados		chocadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	choco	chocastú chocásvos	choca	chocamos	chocáis	chocan
	imperfect	chocaba	chocabas	chocaba	chocábamos	chocabais	chocaban
	preterite	choqué	chocaste	chocó	chocamos	chocasteis	chocaron
	future	chocaré	chocarás	chocará	chocaremos	chocaréis	chocarán
	conditional	chocaría	chocarías	chocaría	chocaríamos	chocaríais	chocarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	choque	choquestú choquésvos2	choque	choquemos	choquéis	choquen
	imperfect (ra)	chocara	chocaras	chocara	chocáramos	chocarais	chocaran
	imperfect (se)	chocase	chocases	chocase	chocásemos	chocaseis	chocasen
	future1	chocare	chocares	chocare	chocáremos	chocareis	chocaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		chocatú chocávos	choque	choquemos	chocad	choquen
	negative		no choques	no choque	no choquemos	no choquéis	no choquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of chocar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive chocar
	dative	chocarme	chocarte	chocarle, chocarse	chocarnos	chocaros	chocarles, chocarse
	accusative	chocarme	chocarte	chocarlo, chocarla, chocarse	chocarnos	chocaros	chocarlos, chocarlas, chocarse
with gerund chocando
	dative	chocándome	chocándote	chocándole, chocándose	chocándonos	chocándoos	chocándoles, chocándose
	accusative	chocándome	chocándote	chocándolo, chocándola, chocándose	chocándonos	chocándoos	chocándolos, chocándolas, chocándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative choca
	dative	chócame	chócate	chócale	chócanos	not used	chócales
	accusative	chócame	chócate	chócalo, chócala	chócanos	not used	chócalos, chócalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative chocá
	dative	chocame	chocate	chocale	chocanos	not used	chocales
	accusative	chocame	chocate	chocalo, chocala	chocanos	not used	chocalos, chocalas
with formal second-person singular imperative choque
	dative	chóqueme	not used	chóquele, chóquese	chóquenos	not used	chóqueles
	accusative	chóqueme	not used	chóquelo, chóquela, chóquese	chóquenos	not used	chóquelos, chóquelas
with first-person plural imperative choquemos
	dative	not used	choquémoste	choquémosle	choquémonos	choquémoos	choquémosles
	accusative	not used	choquémoste	choquémoslo, choquémosla	choquémonos	choquémoos	choquémoslos, choquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative chocad
	dative	chocadme	not used	chocadle	chocadnos	chocaos	chocadles
	accusative	chocadme	not used	chocadlo, chocadla	chocadnos	chocaos	chocadlos, chocadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative choquen
	dative	chóquenme	not used	chóquenle	chóquennos	not used	chóquenles, chóquense
	accusative	chóquenme	not used	chóquenlo, chóquenla	chóquennos	not used	chóquenlos, chóquenlas, chóquense

Derived terms

• chocar los cinco

 

Related terms

• choca
• chocante
• chocarla
• choco
• choque

 

Further reading

• “chocar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014