'ok

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔok, from Proto-Tupian *ʔək.

Verb

'ok (first-person singular active indicative aîo'ok, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîo'oki, gerund 'oka, noun 'oka) (transitive)

to pluck; to pull off (to remove by pulling)
(broadly) to take off (to remove)
- 1622, anonymous author, “Descalçar ou despir”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 96; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
  Aiooc xeaoba […], [aiooc] Xepîgapaçaba.
  [Aîo'ok xe aoba […], [aîo'ok] xe pyapasaba]
  I took off my clothes. I took off my shoes.
- 1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Breve instrução para o Bautismo de hum Indio pagão em caso de suprema necessidade”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 113; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:
  Nhemongaräi´ba y caräiba pupé acẽ nhemoĩaçyca, acẽ ânga oiocei´, oimoiacýc ikyiâ ôca.
  [Nhemongaraíba 'ykaraíba pupé asé nhemoîasyka, asé anga oîoseî, oîmoîasyk i ky'a 'oka.]
  With baptism's holy water the people baptise themselves, wash their souls, wash them to take their filth off.
to snatch (to grasp quickly)
- 1622, anonymous author, “Caranguejar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 66; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
  Auçaoc.
  [Ausa'ok]
  I snatch crabs.

Conjugation

Conjugation of 'ok (transitive, monosyllabic, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deverbals
Causative	mo'ok
Causative-comitative	ero'ok
Reflexive	îe'ok
-ba'e	oîo'okyba'e
emi-	emi'oka／mi'oka
-pyr(a)	i 'okypyra
-sab(a)	'okaba
-sar(a)	'okara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîo'ok	ereîo'ok	oîo'ok	oroîo'ok	îaîo'ok	peîo'ok
Permissive	t'aîo'ok	t'ereîo'ok	t'oîo'ok	t'oroîo'ok	t'îaîo'ok	ta peîo'ok
Imperative		eîo'ok				peîo'ok
Negative indicative	n'aîo'oki	n'ereîo'oki	n'oîo'oki	n'oroîo'oki	n'îaîo'oki	na peîo'oki
Negative permissive	t'aîo'ok umẽ	t'ereîo'ok umẽ	t'oîo'ok umẽ	t'oroîo'ok umẽ	t'îaîo'ok umẽ	ta peîo'ok umẽ
Negative imperative		eîo'ok umẽ				peîo'ok umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	'oka
Negative	'oke'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe 'oka	nde 'oka	i 'oka	oré 'oka	îandé 'oka	pe 'oka
Negative	xe 'oke'yma	nde 'oke'yma	i 'oke'yma	oré 'oke'yma	îandé 'oke'yma	pe 'oke'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe 'oki		i 'oki	oré 'oki	îandé 'oki
Negative	xe 'oke'ymi		i 'oke'ymi	oré 'oke'ymi	îandé 'oke'ymi

Related terms

References

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “'ok”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 358, column 2