γέγωνα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally connected with γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to perceive, observe”); however, the lengthened -ε- (-e-) is left unexplained. A newer theory by Hackstein and Vine, supported by de Vaan, derives the word from Proto-Hellenic *ge-gon-s-, a desiderative from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₃en- (“to call”), whence also Tocharian A ken- (“to call”) and perhaps Latin gemō (“to sigh, groan”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡé.ɡɔː.na/ → /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/ → /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡé.ɡɔː.na/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡe.ɡo.na/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/

Verb

γέγωνᾰ • (gégōna) (Epic)

1. to make one's voice heard
2. to shout

Conjugation

   Perfect: γέγωνᾰ with present meaning (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γέγωνᾰ	γέγωνᾰς	γέγωνε(ν)	γεγώνᾰτον	γεγώνᾰτον	γεγώνᾰμεν	γεγώνᾰτε	γεγώνᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	γεγώνω, γεγώνωμῐ	γεγώνῃς, γεγώνῃσθᾰ	γεγώνῃ, γεγώνῃσῐ	γεγώνητον	γεγώνητον	γεγώνωμεν	γεγώνητε	γεγώνωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γεγώνοιμῐ, γεγωνοίην	γεγώνοις, γεγωνοίης	γεγώνοι, γεγωνοίη	γεγώνοιτον	γεγωνοίτην	γεγώνοιμεν	γεγώνοιτε	γεγώνοιεν
	imperative		γέγωνε	γεγωνέτω	γεγώνετον	γεγωνέτων		γεγώνετε	γεγωνόντων
		active
infinitive		γεγωνέναι/γεγωνέμεν
participle	m	γεγωνώς
	f	γεγωνυῖᾰ
	n	γεγωνός
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: γεγωνέω (Epic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγωνέω	γεγωνέεις	γεγωνέει	γεγωνέετον	γεγωνέετον	γεγωνέομεν	γεγωνέετε	γεγωνέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	γεγωνέω, γεγωνέωμῐ	γεγωνέῃς, γεγωνέῃσθᾰ	γεγωνέῃ, γεγωνέῃσῐ	γεγωνέητον	γεγωνέητον	γεγωνέωμεν	γεγωνέητε	γεγωνέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γεγωνέοιμῐ	γεγωνέοισ(θᾰ)	γεγωνέοι	γεγωνέοιτον	γεγωνεοίτην	γεγωνέοιμεν	γεγωνέοιτε	γεγωνέοιεν
	imperative		γεγώνεε	γεγωνεέτω	γεγωνέετον	γεγωνεέτων		γεγωνέετε	γεγωνεόντων
		active
infinitive		γεγωνέειν
participle	m	γεγωνέων
	f	γεγωνέουσᾰ
	n	γεγωνέον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: γεγωνέω (Epic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγωνέω	γεγωνεῖς	γεγωνεῖ	γεγωνεῖτον	γεγωνεῖτον	γεγωνεῦμεν	γεγωνεῖτε	γεγωνεῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	γεγωνέω, γεγωνέωμῐ	γεγωνῇς, γεγωνῇσθᾰ	γεγωνῇ, γεγωνῇσῐ	γεγωνῆτον	γεγωνῆτον	γεγωνέωμεν	γεγωνῆτε	γεγωνέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γεγωνέοιμι	γεγωνέοις	γεγωνέοι	γεγωνέοιτον	γεγωνεοίτην	γεγωνέοιμεν	γεγωνέοιτε	γεγωνέοιεν
	imperative		γεγώνει	γεγωνείτω	γεγωνεῖτον	γεγωνείτων		γεγωνεῖτε	γεγωνεύντων
		active
infinitive		γεγωνεῖν/γεγωνήμεναι/γεγωνῆναι
participle	m	γεγωνέων
	f	γεγωνεῦσᾰ
	n	γεγωνεῦν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐγεγώνειν with imperfect meaning (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγεγώνειν, ἐγεγώνη	ἐγεγώνεις, ἐγεγώνης	ἐγεγώνει(ν)/ἐγεγώνε(ν)	ἐγεγώνετον	ἐγεγωνέτην	ἐγεγώνεμεν	ἐγεγώνετε	ἐγεγώνεσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: γεγώνειν with imperfect meaning (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγώνειν, γεγώνη	γεγώνεις, γεγώνης	γεγώνει(ν)/γεγώνε(ν)	γεγώνετον	γεγωνέτην	γεγώνεμεν	γεγώνετε	γεγώνεσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: γεγώνεον (Epic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγώνεον	γεγώνεες	γεγώνεε(ν)	γεγωνέετον	γεγωνεέτην	γεγωνέομεν	γεγωνέετε	γεγώνεον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: γεγώνευν (Epic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγώνευν	γεγώνεις	γεγώνει	γεγωνεῖτον	γεγωνείτην	γεγωνεῦμεν	γεγωνεῖτε	γεγώνευν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐγεγώνεον (Epic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγεγώνεον	ἐγεγώνεες	ἐγεγώνεε(ν)	ἐγεγωνέετον	ἐγεγωνεέτην	ἐγεγωνέομεν	ἐγεγωνέετε	ἐγεγώνεον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐγεγώνευν (Epic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐγεγώνευν	ἐγεγώνεις	ἐγεγώνει	ἐγεγωνεῖτον	ἐγεγωνείτην	ἐγεγωνεῦμεν	ἐγεγωνεῖτε	ἐγεγώνευν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: γεγωνήσω (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγωνήσω	γεγωνήσεις	γεγωνήσει	γεγωνήσετον	γεγωνήσετον	γεγωνήσομεν	γεγωνήσετε	γεγωνήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	γεγωνήσοιμῐ	γεγωνήσοισ(θᾰ)	γεγωνήσοι	γεγωνήσοιτον	γεγωνησοίτην	γεγωνήσοιμεν	γεγωνήσοιτε	γεγωνήσοιεν
		active
infinitive		γεγωνήσειν/γεγωνησέμεν(αι)/γεγωνησμέναι
participle	m	γεγωνήσων
	f	γεγωνήσουσᾰ
	n	γεγωνῆσον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: γεγώνησᾰ (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	γεγώνησᾰ	γεγώνησᾰς	γεγώνησε(ν)	γεγωνήσᾰτον	γεγωνησᾰ́την	γεγωνήσᾰμεν	γεγωνήσᾰτε	γεγώνησᾰν
	subjunctive	γεγωνήσω, γεγωνήσωμῐ	γεγωνήσῃς, γεγωνήσῃσθᾰ	γεγωνήσῃ, γεγωνήσῃσῐ	γεγωνήσητον	γεγωνήσητον	γεγωνήσωμεν	γεγωνήσητε	γεγωνήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	γεγωνήσαιμῐ	γεγωνήσαις, γεγωνήσαισθᾰ, γεγωνήσειᾰς	γεγωνήσειε(ν), γεγωνήσαι	γεγωνησεῖτον	γεγωνησείτην	γεγωνησεῖμεν	γεγωνησεῖτε	γεγωνησεῖεν
	imperative		γεγώνησον	γεγωνησᾰ́τω	γεγωνήσᾰτον	γεγωνησᾰ́των		γεγωνήσᾰτε	γεγωνησᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		γεγωνῆσαι/γεγωνησᾰ́μεν/γεγωνησᾰμέναι
participle	m	γεγωνήσᾱς
	f	γεγωνήσᾱσᾰ
	n	γεγωνῆσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Related terms

• γεγωνητέον (gegōnētéon)
• γεγωνίσκω (gegōnískō)

 

Further reading

• “γέγωνα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γέγωνα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γέγωνα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• γέγωνα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “γέγωνα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press