κάρβανος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• καρβάν (karbán)

Etymology

Unknown. According to Kretschmer, it is from the toponym Qarbana in Egypt, whence the captive Danaans escaped to the Peloponnese. According to Hommel, this word is identical to κορβᾶν (korbân, “sacrificial gift”), which became an epithet for Phoenician merchants, but this is hardly convincing. Perhaps there is a relation with the name of the east wind in Cyrene, Κάρβας (Kárbas). According to Neumann, it is from Hittite [script needed] (kureṷana, “foreign state that is not a vassal”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kár.baː.nos/ → /ˈkar.βa.nos/ → /ˈkar.va.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kár.baː.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.ba.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.βa.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.va.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.va.nos/

Adjective

κᾰ́ρβᾱνος • (kárbānos) m or f (neuter κᾰ́ρβᾱνον); second declension

1. outlandish, foreign

   Synonym: βᾰ́ρβᾰρος (bárbaros)

Inflection

Second declension of κᾰ́ρβᾱνος; κᾰ́ρβᾱνον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰ́ρβᾱνος kárbānos	κᾰ́ρβᾱνον kárbānon		κᾰρβᾱ́νω karbā́nō	κᾰρβᾱ́νω karbā́nō		κᾰ́ρβᾱνοι kárbānoi	κᾰ́ρβᾱνᾰ kárbāna
Genitive		κᾰρβᾱ́νου karbā́nou	κᾰρβᾱ́νου karbā́nou		κᾰρβᾱ́νοιν karbā́noin	κᾰρβᾱ́νοιν karbā́noin		κᾰρβᾱ́νων karbā́nōn	κᾰρβᾱ́νων karbā́nōn
Dative		κᾰρβᾱ́νῳ karbā́nōi	κᾰρβᾱ́νῳ karbā́nōi		κᾰρβᾱ́νοιν karbā́noin	κᾰρβᾱ́νοιν karbā́noin		κᾰρβᾱ́νοις karbā́nois	κᾰρβᾱ́νοις karbā́nois
Accusative		κᾰ́ρβᾱνον kárbānon	κᾰ́ρβᾱνον kárbānon		κᾰρβᾱ́νω karbā́nō	κᾰρβᾱ́νω karbā́nō		κᾰρβᾱ́νους karbā́nous	κᾰ́ρβᾱνᾰ kárbāna
Vocative		κᾰ́ρβᾱνε kárbāne	κᾰ́ρβᾱνον kárbānon		κᾰρβᾱ́νω karbā́nō	κᾰρβᾱ́νω karbā́nō		κᾰ́ρβᾱνοι kárbānoi	κᾰ́ρβᾱνᾰ kárbāna
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		κᾰρβᾱ́νως karbā́nōs			κᾰρβᾱνότερος karbānóteros			κᾰρβᾱνότᾰτος karbānótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κᾰρβᾱνῐ́ζω (karbānízō)

Further reading

• “κάρβανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κάρβανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κάρβανος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • barbaric idem, page 62.
  • barbarous idem, page 62.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN